Smoking increases the risk of diabetic foot amputation: A meta-analysis

Liu, Min; Zhang, Wei; Zhou, Yan; Yuan, Xiang-Zhen

doi:10.3892/etm.2017.5538

Cited by 45 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…This finding is consistent with studies that have demonstrated smoking as a risk factor in diabetic foot amputation. [10][11][12] Our study also confirmed that complications of diabetes mellitus ranked highest as the commonest indications for lower extremity amputation, followed by peripheral vascular disease. Similar trends were seen in studies conducted on major amputation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Knowledge and attitude of patients undergoing lower extremity amputation at RK Khan Hospital, Chatsworth

Olotu¹,

Anderson²

2019

S. Afr. j. surg.

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Background: Amputation is one of the oldest and most commonly performed surgical procedures. Objective: To review the knowledge and attitude of patients undergoing lower extremity amputations and describe the associated causative factors. Methodology: A questionnaire-based prospective study assessing patients either preoperatively or immediately postoperatively regarding their knowledge and attitudes toward lower extremity amputation was conducted between November 2016 and April 2017. Extracted data was captured into an Excel spreadsheet and imported into SPSS for statistical analysis. Results: Sixty-three amputations were performed with males accounting for 56% of the study population. The majority were in the age group of 61-70 years (33%). The commonest indication for amputation was complication of diabetes mellitus or diabetes foot sepsis (65%). Below-knee amputation (BKA) was the most frequently performed procedure and accounted for 56% of all amputations. Seventy per cent of the participants had formal education and 60% knew that their condition could lead to an amputation, but only approximately 10% visited the foot clinic before their major amputation despite the service being available at RK Khan Hospital. Smoking was the commonest habit associated with amputation. Conclusion: Complications of diabetic mellitus are the most common indication for lower extremity amputation. A high percentage of patients knew their co-morbid condition could lead to limb loss but failed to seek medical assistance until late in their disease process.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Knowledge and attitude of patients undergoing lower extremity amputation at RK Khan Hospital, Chatsworth

Olotu¹,

Anderson²

2019

S. Afr. j. surg.

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“…This study showed that smoking patients had a higher DFU frequency than non-smoking patients (30.7% vs. 10.3%) and the odds of DFU occurrence were 3.8 times higher in smoking diabetic patients than in non-smoking patients. It is well established that serious factors play an important role in developing DFU, such as decreased blood flow in extremities, peripheral angiopathy, and peripheral neu- ropathy, that are more common in smokers (13,25,26). Furthermore, some studies have reported that smoking aggravates glucose hemostasis and accelerates the onset and progress of microvascular and microvascular diabetes complications (27,28).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency of Diabetes Foot Ulcer and Related Factors Among Adult Diabetic Patients in the Diabetes Center of Kerman, Iran

Khalooei

Meymand

2019

Shiraz E-Med J

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Background: Diabetic Foot Ulcer (DFU) as one of the main complications of diabetes mellitus has serious outcomes such as infection, foot amputation, low quality of life, and premature death. Objectives: This study was conducted to assess the DFU prevalence and its related factors among diabetic patients. Methods: The population of this cross-sectional study included adult diabetic patients in the Diabetes Center of Kerman University of Medical Sciences. The data were recorded in a questionnaire using patients' medical records, interviews with them, and physical examination. The collected data were imported to SPSS version 22 software and analyzed. Results: Of 400 diabetic patients enrolled in the study, 69% (n = 276) were female. The mean (± SD) of their age was 57.1 (± 11.9) years and 72% (n = 288) were younger than 65. The frequency of DFU during the total course of the disease and its annual prevalence were 17.3% (n = 69) and 11.8% (n = 49) among diabetic patients, respectively. More than one-third (37.7%) of the DFU patients and 6.6% of all the patients were admitted to a hospital due to DFU. Major or minor amputation was performed for 14.5% (n = 10) of the total DFU patients and 2.5% of the total patients. Having diabetes-related complications was determined as the strongest predictor of DFU (OR = 7.016, 95% CI = 2.67-18.38), followed by smoking (OR = 3. 80, 95% CI = 2.06-6.99) and age over 64 years (OR = 3.70, 95% CI = 1.299-10.568). Conclusions: The frequency of DFU was high among diabetic patients attending the Diabetes Center of Kerman University of Medical Sciences. Also, hospital admission and foot amputation due to DFU had a considerable frequency. Therefore, there is a crucial need to improve the quality of foot care services and emphasize foot self-care as essential components of diabetes self-management at all levels of the health service delivery system to decrease the risk of DFU.

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“…In this study, most of the subjects were female in the range of 40-60 years old. Based on gender, the female had three to seven times the risk of DM compared to male [7,8] due to the lipid level in female (20-25%) was higher than male (15-20%). Previous studies also found an association between gender and diabetes mellitus [4,9].…”

Section: Diabetes Mellitusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness Combination of Foot Care with Active Range of Motion (ROM) and Plantar Exercise for Reducing Diabetic Foot Ulcer Risk in Diabetes Mellitus Type II

Titah¹,

Mns²,

Skm³

et al. 2019

JED

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Diabetic Foot Ulcer (DFU) is a devastating complication of diabetes mellitus and affects 15% of people with diabetes mellitus. Approximately 50-70% all of lower limb amputations are due to DFU. Moreover, DFU causes losses in financial and physical distress. The American Diabetes Association stated that preventive care could decrease DFU risk. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a combination of foot care with active ROM and plantar exercise for preventing DFU and reducing its risks. Thirty-four people with diabetes mellitus type 2 who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were selected randomly and divided to control and intervention groups. They were assessed by questionnaires and observation checklist. The pre-test was assessed using Inlow's 60-second diabetic foot screening tool. All the subjects got daily foot care for two weeks. But subjects in the intervention group got the combination of daily foot care every day and active Range of Motion (ROM), and plantar exercise every two days. The data were analyzed statistically (dependent and independent-test) The result showed that there was a significant difference before and after intervention in both groups. But the contribution of risk decrease in the intervention group (40.1%) was higher than the control one (14.3%). There was a significant influence of the combination of daily foot car with ROM and plantar exercise (p-value 0.000). This combination of daily foot care with ROM and Plantar Exercise is recommended to prevent the complication of Diabetes Mellitus.

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Smoking increases the risk of diabetic foot amputation: A meta-analysis

Cited by 45 publications

References 40 publications

Knowledge and attitude of patients undergoing lower extremity amputation at RK Khan Hospital, Chatsworth

Knowledge and attitude of patients undergoing lower extremity amputation at RK Khan Hospital, Chatsworth

Frequency of Diabetes Foot Ulcer and Related Factors Among Adult Diabetic Patients in the Diabetes Center of Kerman, Iran

Effectiveness Combination of Foot Care with Active Range of Motion (ROM) and Plantar Exercise for Reducing Diabetic Foot Ulcer Risk in Diabetes Mellitus Type II

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