Smoking increases the risk of surgical site infection after hydrocelectomy in adults: a retrospective cohort study in Brazil

Costa, Thiago Silva Da; Medeiros, Paulo José de; Salles, Mauro José Costa

doi:10.3855/jidc.9450

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In our finding, S. aureus revealed a high level of resistance to penicillin (88.6%) and ampicillin (77.3%), which was comparable to study in Turkey [46]. On the other hand, all isolated S. aureus were susceptible to vancomycin, and our finding was the same as earlier studies in Jimma [36] and Turkey [46]. Gram-negative bacteria showed higher resistance to ampicillin (93.2%), ceftriaxone (90.5%), cefuroxime (88.7%), aztreonam (82.9%), ceftazidime (80.6%), cefepime (77%), ampicillin-sulbactam (76.1%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (77.5%), tetracycline (72.5%), and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (71.2%).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

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Bacterial profile of surgical site infection and antimicrobial resistance patterns in Ethiopia: a multicentre prospective cross-sectional study

Worku,

Abebe,

Alemu

et al. 2023

Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob

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Background Globally, surgical site infections (SSI) are the most commonly reported healthcare-associated infections. Methods A multicentre study was conducted among patients who underwent surgical procedures at four hospitals located in Northern (Debre Tabor), Southern (Hawassa), Southwest (Jimma), and Central (Tikur Anbessa) parts of Ethiopia. A total of 752 patients clinically studied for surgical site infection were enrolled. The number of patients from Debre Tabor, Hawassa, Jimma, and Tikur Anbessa, hospitals was 172, 184, 193, and 203, respectively. At each study site, SSI discharge culture was performed from all patients, and positive cultures were characterized by colony characteristics, Gram stain, and conventional biochemical tests. Each bacterial species was confirmed using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI TOF). An antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) was done on Mueller–Hinton agar using the disk diffusion method. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess associations of dependent and independent variables. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Data were analysed using STATA 16 software. Results Among 752 wound discharge cultures performed, 65.5% yielded growth. Among these, 57.9% and 42.1% were Gram-negative and Gram-positive isolates, respectively. In this study, a total of 494 bacteria were isolated; Staphylococcus aureus (31%), Escherichia coli (20.7%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (9.8%) were the most common. Rare isolates (0.8% each) included Raoultella ornithinolytica, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Alcalignes faecalis, Pantoea ecurina, Bacillus flexus, and Paenibacillus tylopili. Enterobacteriaceae showed high levels of resistance to most of the tested antibiotics but lower levels of ertapenem (32.9%), amikacin (24.3%), imipenem (20.3%), and meropenem (17.6%) resistance. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) frequency of Enterobacteriaceae at Debre Tabor, Hawassa, Jimma, and Tikur Anbessa hospitals was 84.5%, 96.5%, 97.3%, and 94%, respectively. Ages ≥ 61 years (AOR = 2.83, 95% CI: 1.02–7.99; P 0.046), prolonged duration of hospital stay (AOR = 4.15, 95% CI: 2.87–6.01; P 0.000), history of previous antibiotics use (AOR = 2.83, 95% CI: 1.06–2.80; P 0.028), history of smoking (AOR = 2.35, 95% CI: 1.44–3.83; P 0.001), emergency surgery (AOR = 2.65, 95% CI: 1.92–3.66; P 0.000), and duration of operation (AOR = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.181–0.392; P 0.000) were significant risk factors. Conclusion The most prevalent isolates from Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria across all hospitals were S. aureus and E. coli, respectively. Many newly emerging Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria were identified. Variation between hospitals was found for both SSI etiology type and MDR frequencies. Hence, to prevent the emergence and spread of MDR bacteria, standard bacteriological tests and their AST are indispensable for effective antimicrobial stewardship.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…There was a significant association between smoking patients' history and SSI (P = 0.001). This finding was in agreement with smoking history were independent predictors of SSIs in multivariate logistic regression analysis [36]. Smoking weakens immunity and increases the risk of SSI [37].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Bacterial profile of surgical site infection and antimicrobial resistance patterns in Ethiopia: a multicentre prospective cross-sectional study

Worku,

Abebe,

Alemu

et al. 2023

Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob

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“…The meta-analysis revealed a significant rise in infection rates among the group of smokers. This study also found a statistically significant increase in relapse among the population followed for at least 12 months [28].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Outcome and Predictors of Treatment Failure in Chronic Osteomyelitis Using Bioactive Glass Granules and Putty Formulations

Dell’Aquila,

Reis,

Cuba

et al. 2023

Antibiotics

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Background: The aim of this study is to evaluate the outcome of patients with cavitary chronic osteomyelitis undergoing adjuvant treatment with bioactive glass (BAG) S53P4 and identify the independent risk factors (RFs) for recurrence in 6- and 12-month patient follow-up. Methods: A retrospective, multicentre observational study conducted in tertiary specialised hospitals among patients undergoing the surgical treatment of chronic cavitary osteomyelitis using BAG-S53P4 in a granule and/or putty formulation to assess the clinical outcome and RFs for failure in 6- and 12-month patient follow-up. Results: Of the 92 and 78 patients with 6-month and 12-month follow-ups, infection was eradicated in 85.9% and 87.2%, respectively. In the 6-month follow-up, BAG-S53P4 in the granule formulation presented a greater risk of recurrence compared to the bioactive glass putty formulation or combined granules and putty (prevalence ratio (PR) = 3.04; confidence interval 95% [CI95%]: 1.13–10.52) and neoplasia (PR = 5.26; CI95%: 1.17–15.52). In the 12-month follow-up cohort of 78 patients, smoking (PR = 4.0; 95% CI: 1.03–15.52) and nonfermenting GNB infection (PR = 3.87; CI95%: 1.09–13.73) presented a greater risk of recurrence. Conclusions: BAG-S53P4 is a viable option for bone-void filling and the treatment of chronic cavitary osteomyelitis. Formulations of BAG with putty or in combination with granules showed better results.

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“…A large retrospective study done in Washington found an increased risk of SSI in both past and current smokers (Costa, T., et al, 2018). The negative effects of smoking can be attributed to nicotine and carbon monoxide -both ultimately cause hypoxia which leads to delayed wound healing and increased risk of infections.…”

Section: Smokingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence And Factors Associated with Post-Caeserean Section Wound Sepsis in A Hospital in Ghana (A Retrospective Audit)

Emmanuel,

Bebobru

2023

Preprint

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Caesarean Section (CS) is one of the most common obstetric procedures in Ghana. Post CS wound sepsis constitute a substantial burden to health systems in developing countries. The risk factors observed for CS wound infections are obesity, diabetes, immune-suppressive disorders, a previous CS, certain medications like steroids, the lack of pre-incision antimicrobial care, prolonged labour and surgery. Puerperal sepsis remains a notable direct cause of maternal mortality in developing and developed countries of which post CS wound sepsis contributes up to 3% especially in health units that have no facilities to carry out safe CS or treat post-CS complications. One predominant risk factor for developing puerperal sepsis is delivery by caesarean section, with some sources quoting up to a 20-fold increased risk as compared with vaginal delivery. Aims: The goal of this study is to determine the prevalence and risk factors of post CS wound sepsis in Family Health Hospital. Methods: This study is a retrospective audit of patient records of all women who delivered by Caesarean Section at Family Health Hospital in a 1-year period between 1st January 2019 and 31st December 2019. All women who delivered by caesarean section and met the inclusion criteria within the above study period were sampled. Data was collected and captured electronically by the principal researchers and then subsequently entered into Microsoft Excel and analysed using IBM SPSS version 25. The results were presented in bar charts, pie charts, frequencies and tables. Chi square test was performed on categorical data to test association between selected independent variable and the proportions of women with surgical site infection. Results: The prevalence of Post-CS wound sepsis was low (5.17%) which was within the lower end of the global prevalence range (3.7% - 24.2%) and there was no statistical significance between the risk factors and post-CS wound sepsis. The number of CS done was equally distributed across the 1-year period, with an average of 9 procedures per month. Most (73%) of the women were between 31 and 40 years. The median age of the patient population was 33 years while the mean age was 33.7 years. About 63 (60%) of the women were multiparous and 43 (40%) were nulliparous at the time of CS. Only 1 (0.95%) woman was known to be HIV Positive, however there was no additional information such as when the diagnosis was made, when antiretroviral therapy was started, compliance, etc. Diabetes Mellitus was diagnosed or known in 5.71% of the women. This included both pre-gestational and gestational diabetes. The number of women who had antepartum infection was 21 which was 20 % of the study population., whilst another 20% went into labour before caesarean section was done for them. For those who went into labour, the duration of labour was not stated. Those with a history of premature rupture of membranes before CS were 7 (6.7%). Also, the number of vaginal examinations was not indicated in the clinical notes. Out of the 105 women who were identified for the study, it was difficult to find the percentage of women that had emergency CS as compared to elective CS as some of the notes lacked this. Conclusion: The prevalence of post-CS wound sepsis in the hospital audited was low, and falls within the lower spectrum of the global prevalence for post- CS wound sepsis. Unfortunately, due to poor documentation, the influence of risk factors could not be clearly linked to the development of sepsis after this obstetric procedure in this hospital. Nevertheless, there is a dire need for further studies investigating post- CS wound sepsis prevalence especially in under resourced areas and tertiary centres in Ghana as there is no national data on its prevalence. This can contribute immensely in reducing maternal mortality in the nation. Key words: post-caesarean section; sepsis, maternal mortality, Ghana

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Smoking increases the risk of surgical site infection after hydrocelectomy in adults: a retrospective cohort study in Brazil

Cited by 4 publications

References 14 publications

Bacterial profile of surgical site infection and antimicrobial resistance patterns in Ethiopia: a multicentre prospective cross-sectional study

Bacterial profile of surgical site infection and antimicrobial resistance patterns in Ethiopia: a multicentre prospective cross-sectional study

Outcome and Predictors of Treatment Failure in Chronic Osteomyelitis Using Bioactive Glass Granules and Putty Formulations

Prevalence And Factors Associated with Post-Caeserean Section Wound Sepsis in A Hospital in Ghana (A Retrospective Audit)

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