“…plicated as the primary cause of premature death and disability in the United States (Cinelli, 1988). The synergistic effect of smoking along with exposure to work environment substances places certain workers who smoke, i.e., asbestos workers, coal miners, and cotton workers, at a much higher risk for lung disease than non-smokers (Cooper, 1978;Hallett, 1986). In addition, nonsmokers have become much more vocal about their rights, and are demanding a smoke free environment.…”