Smoking, personality and oral contraception

Black, Stephen; Watts, K.

doi:10.1016/0037-7856(71)90012-6

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1974

1980

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“…Thus, if we had been able to control for sexual variables, the apparent association between cervix cancer and cigarette smoking would probably have been reduced further. Furthermore, early sexual activity is also associated with frequency of oral contraceptive use which, in turn, has been associated with cigarette smoking (15,16) as well as cervical dysplasia (17) and possibly cervical cancer (18). We have recently shown (19) that oral contraceptive use is dependent on age, SES, and other variables which are also related to cigarette smoking.…”

Section: Other Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cervix Cancer and Cigarette Smoking: A Case-Control Study1

Stellman¹,

Austin²,

Wynder³

1980

American Journal of Epidemiology

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The association between cervix cancer and cigarette smoking was examined among 332 white cases and 1725 white controls. Cases were of lower socioeconomic status (SES) and smoked more than controls. After adjustment for both age and SES, no significant association was observed between cervix cancer and cigarette smoking. Many variables related both to cigarette smoking and to known risk factors for cervix cancer are sources of confounding and inadequate control for these variations may cause an overestimation of the effect of smoking.

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