Smoking, psychiatric illness and the brain

Boksa, Patricia

doi:10.1503/jpn.170060

Cited by 50 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Our findings add evidence to previous research and treatment guidelines, which suggest that targeting physical activity might reduce the burden associated with depressive disorders. 28 Smoking is associated with adverse changes in brain structure and neural circuity in the brain regions implicated in many mental disorders 29 and with neuroadaptations in the nicotinic pathways in the brain, which manifest as depressed mood, agitation, and anxiety shortly after a cigarette is smoked. 30 Despite these plausible mechanisms, a mendelian randomisation study 31 suggested that the link between smoking and depression might not be causal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lifestyle factors and risk of sickness absence from work: a multicohort study

Virtanen

Ervasti

Head

et al. 2018

The Lancet Public Health

103

108

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SummaryBackgroundLifestyle factors influence the risk of morbidity and mortality, but the extent to which they are associated with employees' absence from work due to illness is unclear. We examined the relative contributions of smoking, alcohol consumption, high body-mass index, and low physical activity to diagnosis-specific sickness absence.MethodsWe did a multicohort study with individual-level data of participants of four cohorts from the UK, France, and Finland. Participants' responses to a lifestyle survey were linked to records of sickness absence episodes, typically lasting longer than 9 days; for each diagnostic category, the outcome was the total number of sickness absence days per year. We estimated the associations between lifestyle factors and sickness absence by calculating rate ratios for the number of sickness absence days per year and combining cohort-specific estimates with meta-analysis. The criteria for assessing the evidence included the strength of association, consistency across cohorts, robustness to adjustments and multiple testing, and impact assessment by use of population attributable fractions (PAF), with both internal lifestyle factor prevalence estimates and those obtained from European populations (PAFexternal).FindingsFor 74 296 participants, during 446 478 person-years at risk, the most common diagnoses for sickness absence were musculoskeletal diseases (70·9 days per 10 person-years), depressive disorders (26·5 days per 10 person-years), and external causes (such as injuries and poisonings; 12·8 days per 10 person-years). Being overweight (rate ratio [adjusted for age, sex, socioeconomic status, and chronic disease at baseline] 1·30, 95% CI 1·21–1·40; PAFexternal 8·9%) and low physical activity (1·23, 1·14–1·34; 7·8%) were associated with absences due to musculoskeletal diseases; heavy episodic drinking (1·90, 1·41–2·56; 15·2%), smoking (1·70, 1·42–2·03; 11·8%), low physical activity (1·67, 1·42–1·96; 19·8%), and obesity (1·38, 1·11–1·71; 5·6%) were associated with absences due to depressive disorders; heavy episodic drinking (1·64, 1·33–2·03; 11·3%), obesity (1·48, 1·27–1·72; 6·6%), smoking (1·35, 1·20–1·53; 6·3%), and being overweight (1·20, 1·08–1·33; 6·2%) were associated with absences due to external causes; obesity (1·82, 1·40–2·36; 11·0%) and smoking (1·60, 1·30–1·98; 10·3%) were associated with absences due to circulatory diseases; low physical activity (1·37, 1·25–1·49; 12·0%) and smoking (1·27, 1·16–1·40; 4·9%) were associated with absences due to respiratory diseases; and obesity (1·67, 1·34–2·07; 9·7%) was associated with absences due to digestive diseases.InterpretationLifestyle factors are associated with sickness absence due to several diseases, but observational data cannot determine the nature of these associations. Future studies should investigate the cost-effectiveness of lifestyle interventions aimed at reducing sickness absence and the use of information on lifestyle for identifying groups at risk.FundingNordForsk, British Medical Research Council, Academy...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lifestyle factors and risk of sickness absence from work: a multicohort study

Virtanen

Ervasti

Head

et al. 2018

The Lancet Public Health

103

108

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“…In 2014, 23.8 % of adults in Germany smoked (daily or occasionally) [24]. However, rates of smoking among patients with mental illnesses are 2-5 times higher than in the general population [25], explaining the observed percentage in our study. In Germany in 2015, the prevalence of lowrisk alcohol consumption was 56.4 % and of high-risk consumption 15.2 % [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Drug-Induced Liver Injury (DILI) in Patients with Depression Treated with Antidepressants: A Retrospective Multicenter Study

Ueberberg

Frommberger

Messer³

et al. 2020

Pharmacopsychiatry

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Introduction Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is the 4th most common cause of liver damage in Western countries and can be caused by antidepressants. Methods Against the background of increasing antidepressant prescriptions and increasing use of polypharmacy, we analyzed administered antidepressants and other pharmacological substances, liver toxicity, comorbid somatic secondary diseases together with the occurrence of DILI in a patient population of 6 centers throughout Germany. Results The majority of the enrolled 329 patients received polypharmacological treatment in an inpatient setting. During antidepressant treatment 5.1% of the patients had elevated serum transaminase levels, whereby exactly and not more than 1 criterion proposed to be indicative for DILI, was fulfilled by 3 patients (0.9%). Discussion During patient characterization it becomes clear that a sensitization for relevant risk constellations causing liver injury in MDD patients is relevant to prevent further serious adverse events.

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“…The second important independent predictor of PD was smoking. According to Boksa, smoking acts as (a) a causal factor of some mental disorders, (b) a factor modulating presentations of mental disorders, and (c) as a factor modulating progression and medications of mental disorders (Boksa, ). Our results went in line with Choi et al’s study, who experimentally found that smoking might relieve physiological and psychological responses to stress (Choi, Ota, & Watanuki, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Boksa, smoking acts as (a) a causal factor of some mental disorders, (b) a factor modulating presentations of mental disorders, and (c) as a factor modulating progression and medications of mental disorders (Boksa, 2017 the other hand, several studies reported that smoking was positively associated with PD (Choi, Chan, & Lehto, 2018;Zvolensky et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and predictors of psychological distress among primary healthcare service users in Mansoura district, Egypt

Farrag

El‐Gilany

Abdelsalam

2019

Health Soc Care Community

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The current study is a health facility‐based cross‐sectional study that aims to measure the prevalence of psychological distress and to determine its associated factors among primary healthcare (PHC) service users in Mansoura district, Egypt. The study included service users aged ≥18 years. A predesigned structured interviewer‐administered questionnaire was used to collect data from participants during the period from January 2018 to November 2018. The questionnaire included four sections; sociodemographic characteristics, recent history of stressful life events, history of relevant health conditions and a validated Arabic version of General Health Questionnaire, that was used to screen for psychological distress. The total calculated sample size was 573. Data was analysed using SPSS V. 16. Results indicated that the prevalence of psychological distress among PHC service users was 72.2% (95% CI: 68.6%–75.9%). Being a female, non‐working, or married increased the risk of high psychological distress [OR (95%CI): 1.6 (1.2–2.4), 1.8(1.2–2.8) and 1.7 (1.1–2.8) respectively], but these factors were insignificant in multiple regression. Exposure to domestic violence (DV) and being current smokers were the only independent significant predictors of psychological distress [adjusted OR (95%CI): 3.8 (1.7–8.1) and 0.7 (0.4–0.9) respectively]. Findings indicate that psychological distress is common among PHC service users. Exposure to DV significantly predicts psychological distress, while smoking is associated with lower stress. Screening of PHC service users for mental health problems should be integrated within the PHC system.

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Smoking, psychiatric illness and the brain

Cited by 50 publications

References 34 publications

Lifestyle factors and risk of sickness absence from work: a multicohort study

Lifestyle factors and risk of sickness absence from work: a multicohort study

Drug-Induced Liver Injury (DILI) in Patients with Depression Treated with Antidepressants: A Retrospective Multicenter Study

Prevalence and predictors of psychological distress among primary healthcare service users in Mansoura district, Egypt

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