Smoking While Pregnant

DeMarini, David M.; Preston, R. Julian

doi:10.1001/jama.293.10.1264

Cited by 13 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Several molecular epidemiologic studies have sought to correlate maternal smoking with biomarkers associated with tobacco exposure as measured in fetal cord blood or amniocytes [16]. Maternal smoking before and during pregnancy has been associated with increased chromosomal instability in amniocytes [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cigarette smoking during pregnancy: Chromosome translocations and phenotypic susceptibility in mothers and newborns

Bennett

Wang

Ramsey

et al. 2010

Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagene

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The effects of maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy on structural chromosome aberrations were evaluated in peripheral lymphocytes from 239 mothers and their 241 newborns to determine whether smoking during pregnancy, genetic susceptibility, and race are associated with chromosome aberrations including translocations. Demographic information and cigarette smoking data were obtained via questionnaire. There were 119 Caucasian Americans, 118 African Americans, and 2 Asian Americans. The average maternal age was 24.9 ± 5.8 (mean ± S.D.) years. Thirty-nine percent of the Caucasian Americans and 45.4% of the African Americans self-reported that they were active smokers during the index pregnancy. The average number of cigarettes smoked per day was 2.65 ± 5.75 and 1.37 ± 3.17 for Caucasian and African American mothers, respectively. Peripheral blood lymphocytes from the mother and from the fetal side of the placenta were evaluated for chromosome aberrations by whole chromosome painting and for genetic susceptibility using an in vitro bleomycin challenge assay. Spontaneous translocation frequencies in both maternal and newborn lymphocytes were not associated with cigarette smoking, socio-economic status, or education. The absence of a smoking effect may be attributable to the low level of cigarette usage in these subjects. The average bleomycin-induced damage in the maternal and newborn populations was 0.37 ± 0.27 and 0.15 ± 0.14 breaks per cell, respectively, a difference that was highly significant (p < 0.0001). In newborns there was a positive association between bleomycin sensitivity and the frequencies of aberrations as measured by chromosome painting: p ≤ 0.0007 for dicentrics and fragments, and p ≤ 0.002 for translocations. Caucasian American newborns demonstrated a significant association between dicentrics and fragments as measured by painting, and bleomycin sensitivity (p ≤ 0.0002), but no such association was observed for African American newborns. The results of this study indicate that while differences were observed between African Americans and Caucasian Americans, race does not appear to be a major contributor to chromosome damage in newborns or their mothers. However, peripheral lymphocytes in pregnant women are more susceptible to genetic damage than peripheral lymphocytes in newborns.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cigarette smoking during pregnancy: Chromosome translocations and phenotypic susceptibility in mothers and newborns

Bennett

Wang

Ramsey

et al. 2010

Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagene

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“…The mutagenic impact of maternal cigarette smoking on fetal DNA has been described in several studies [ 19 ]. In adults the exposure to tobacco causes a 10%–20% increase in chromosome aberrations frequency [ 20 ], result confirmed by Pluth and colleagues in newborns subject to in utero exposure [ 21 ].…”

Section: Genotoxic Effects On Nuclear Dnamentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA Alterations in Newborns with Prenatal Exposure to Cigarette Smoke

Pirini

Guida

Lawson

et al. 2015

IJERPH

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Newborns exposed to maternal cigarette smoke (CS) in utero have an increased risk of developing chronic diseases, cancer, and acquiring decreased cognitive function in adulthood. Although the literature reports many deleterious effects associated with maternal cigarette smoking on the fetus, the molecular alterations and mechanisms of action are not yet clear. Smoking may act directly on nuclear DNA by inducing mutations or epigenetic modifications. Recent studies also indicate that smoking may act on mitochondrial DNA by inducing a change in the number of copies to make up for the damage caused by smoking on the respiratory chain and lack of energy. In addition, individual genetic susceptibility plays a significant role in determining the effects of smoking during development. Furthermore, prior exposure of paternal and maternal gametes to cigarette smoke may affect the health of the developing individual, not only the in utero exposure. This review examines the genetic and epigenetic alterations in nuclear and mitochondrial DNA associated with smoke exposure during the most sensitive periods of development (prior to conception, prenatal and early postnatal) and assesses how such changes may have consequences for both fetal growth and development.

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