Smooth pursuit eye movement disorder and its psychobiologic correlates in unmedicated schizophrenics

Siever, Larry J.; Kammen, Daniël P. van; Linnoila, Markku; Alterman, Ina; Hare, Theodore A.; Murphy, Dennis L.

doi:10.1016/0006-3223(86)90223-4

Cited by 40 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…5,6,25,26,30,32,36,37 Increased CUS rates in the predictive oscillating task are also consistent with earlier reports. 27,28,30,49,50 Unimpaired initial CUS accuracy in the step ramp task suggests that CUS efficiently corrected for small position errors when tracking moving targets.…”

Section: Commentsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Previous comparisons of antipsychotic-naive or treatment-withdrawn patients and patients treated with mostly first-generation antipsychotics revealed few consistent differences in global eye tracking measures, maintenance velocity, or CUS frequency. 25–32 Longitudinal studies found pursuit performance to be relatively unaffected by first-generation an-tipsychotic medication. 6,33,34 Some studies with patients receiving first-generation antipsychotics reported greater deficits in treated than untreated chronically ill patients, but selection bias rather than drug effects may have accounted for those observations.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effects of Second-Generation Antipsychotic Medication on Smooth Pursuit Performance in Antipsychotic-Naive Schizophrenia

Lencer

Sprenger²,

Harris

et al. 2008

Arch Gen Psychiatry

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Context Analyses of smooth pursuit eye movement parameters in patients with schizophrenia provide information about the integrity of neural networks mediating motion perception, sensorimotor transformation, and cognitive processes such as prediction. Although pursuit eye tracking deficits have been widely reported in schizophrenia, the integrity of discrete components of pursuit responses and the effect of second-generation antipsychotic medication on them are not well established. Objective To examine different components of smooth pursuit performance in antipsychotic-naive patients with schizophrenia before and after treatment with second-generation antipsychotic medication. Design, Setting, and Participants Thirty-three antipsychotic-naive patients with schizophrenia performed 3 different smooth pursuit paradigms designed to evaluate specific components of the pursuit response. All of the patients were retested after 6 weeks of treatment with risperidone or olanzapine. Testing was also performed with 39 matched healthy individuals. Thirteen patients and 21 healthy participants were retested after 26 and 52 weeks. Main Outcome Measures Pursuit initiation, maintenance gain (ratio of eye velocity over target velocity), and frequency of catch-up saccades during pursuit maintenance. Results Prior to treatment, pursuit gain when tracking less predictable ramp targets tended to be reduced, latency of pursuit initiation was speeded, and catch-up saccade frequency was increased during predictive pursuit. After antipsychotic treatment initiation, pursuit gain decreased with ramp targets, indicating treatment-emergent impairments in sensorimotor processing. No changes were observed for predictive pursuit. Exploratory analyses in the subgroup with follow-up to 1 year revealed that these effects continued through long-term follow-up with some partial normalization at 1 year. Deficits were unrelated to drug dosage and clinical ratings. Conclusions Impaired sensorimotor function was observed after initiation of second-generation antipsychotic medications, which may be explained by their serotonergic antagonism of brainstem sensorimotor systems. Predictive mechanisms supported by frontostriatal-cerebellar circuitry were not affected by treatment initiation and appear able to compensate for treatment-emergent sensorimotor impairments during predictive tracking.

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Section: Commentsupporting

confidence: 91%

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confidence: 99%

Effects of Second-Generation Antipsychotic Medication on Smooth Pursuit Performance in Antipsychotic-Naive Schizophrenia

Lencer

Sprenger²,

Harris

et al. 2008

Arch Gen Psychiatry

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“…Secondly, reduced gain has been observed in the early stages of Parkinson's disease (Waterston et al 1996), in which there is a dopamine deficiency in both the basal ganglia and cortex, and it is well known that neuroleptic medication can cause parkinsonian symptoms in schizophrenics by blockade of dopamine receptors. Thirdly, in chronic patients, smooth pursuit is worse in those currently taking antipsychotic medication compared to those who have been off medication for at least 6 months Kufferle et al 1990), although studies with shorter wash-out periods have failed to demonstrate this (Siever et al 1986 ;Spohn et al 1988).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smooth pursuit and saccadic abnormalities in first-episode schizophrenia

et al. 1998

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“…However, no correlation was observed between smooth pursuit and ventricular-brain ratio in medication-free schizophrenia patients (Siever et al 1986) or MRI volumetric indices of a number of brain regions including lateral ventricles, medial temporal lobe structures and fronto-parietal cortex in firstepisode or established schizophrenia patients (Katsanis & Iacono, 1991;Levy et al 1992). These studies have generally used volumetric indices of brain structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural neural networks subserving oculomotor function in first-episode schizophrenia

Bagary

Hutton

Symms

et al. 2004

Biological Psychiatry

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Smooth pursuit eye movement disorder and its psychobiologic correlates in unmedicated schizophrenics

Cited by 40 publications

References 36 publications

Effects of Second-Generation Antipsychotic Medication on Smooth Pursuit Performance in Antipsychotic-Naive Schizophrenia

Effects of Second-Generation Antipsychotic Medication on Smooth Pursuit Performance in Antipsychotic-Naive Schizophrenia

Smooth pursuit and saccadic abnormalities in first-episode schizophrenia

Structural neural networks subserving oculomotor function in first-episode schizophrenia

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