We study local structure of a nonlinear mapping near points where standard regularity and/or smoothness assumptions need not be satisfied. We introduce a new concept of 2-regularity (a certain kind of second-order regularity) for a once differentiable mapping whose derivative is Lipschitz continuous. Under this 2-regularity condition, we obtain the representation theorem and the covering theorem (i.e., stability with respect to "right-hand side" perturbations) under assumptions that are weaker than those previously employed in the literature for results of this type. These results are further used to derive a constructive description of the tangent cone to a set defined by (2-regular) equality constraints and optimality conditions for related optimization problems. The class of mappings introduced and studied in the paper appears to be a convenient tool for treating complementarity structures by means of an appropriate equation-based reformulation. Optimality conditions for mathematical programs with (equivalently reformulated) complementarity constraints are also discussed.1. Introduction. In this paper, we consider the problem of local approximation of a nonlinear mapping near a given point in the absence of standard combinations of smoothness and regularity assumptions. We further study consequences of this approximation, in particular those relevant for constructive description of tangent directions to level surfaces, and optimality conditions for problems with feasible regions defined by irregular mappings.Let X and Y be Banach spaces, and consider a pointx ∈ X, its neighborhood V in X, and a mapping F V → Y . In what follows, X Y stands for the space of continuous linear operators from X to Y . For a linear operator ∈ X Y , ker = x ∈ X x = 0 is its null space, im = y ∈ Y y = x for some x ∈ X is its image space, and * Y * → X * is the linear operator adjoint to , where X * and Y * denote the dual spaces of X and Y , respectively.It is well known that if F is (first-order) regular atx, i.e.,