Smooth tracking of visual targets distinguishes lucid REM sleep dreaming and waking perception from imagination

LaBerge, Stephen; Baird, Benjamin; Zimbardo, Philip G.

doi:10.1038/s41467-018-05547-0

Cited by 58 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 30 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The PAEM technique to flag LD during REM sleep has been widely used in physiological (LaBerge et al, 1981;Brylowski et al, 1989;Mota-Rolim et al, 2010;Dresler et al, 2012), pathological (Tang et al, 2006;Dodet et al, 2014;Oudiette et al, 2018), and artificial (Stumbrys et al, 2013;Mota-Rolim et al, 2019) conditions. Additionally, LD flagged by PAEM has also been described during non-REM sleep stages N1 (sleep onset) and N2 (superficial sleep) (LaBerge, 1980;Stumbrys and Erlacher, 2012;Mota-Rolim et al, 2015), but not during N3 (deep sleep).…”

Section: Toward a Standardization Of The Paemmentioning

confidence: 99%

On Moving the Eyes to Flag Lucid Dreaming

Mota-Rolim

2020

Front. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: Toward a Standardization Of The Paemmentioning

confidence: 99%

On Moving the Eyes to Flag Lucid Dreaming

Mota-Rolim

2020

Front. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…We analyzed EEG inter-hemispheric coherence in the beta oscillation range (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30) at the electrodes adjacent to the stimulation site (F3, F4, T3, T4, P3, P4). Magnitude-squared coherence was computed in the range from 1.95 Hz to 44.92 Hz with a maximum frequency resolution of 1.95 Hz between pairs of EEG channels adjacent to the stimulation site from the frontal (F3-F4), temporal (T3-T4) and parietal (P3-P4) side, using Brainstorm toolbox 105 .…”

Section: Mri-tms Mapping Of the Primary Sensorimotor Hand Area Ecog mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…www.nature.com/scientificreports www.nature.com/scientificreports/ transform, set from 1 Hz to 44 Hz in steps of 1 Hz, for the same set of 6 electrodes adjacent to the stimulation site. Power values obtained at a single 2 sec segment level were averaged across beta frequency range (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30), with subsequent data averaging steps repeating coherence analysis.…”

Section: Mri-tms Mapping Of the Primary Sensorimotor Hand Area Ecog mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies focusing on the neural correlates of specific types of bodily dream experiences have shown the sensorimotor cortex to be activated during hand clenching in lucid dreams 20 , and the right superior temporal sulcus, a region involved in the biological motion perception to be activated in dreams with a sense of movement 21 . Furthermore, smooth pursuit eye movements during tracking of a visual target are highly similar during waking perception and lucid REM sleep dreaming 22 . Taken together, these studies suggest a remarkable isomorphism of the neural mechanisms underlying motor control in wakefulness and dreaming.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Modulating dream experience: Noninvasive brain stimulation over the sensorimotor cortex reduces dream movement

Noreika

Windt

Kern

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recently, cortical correlates of specific dream contents have been reported, such as the activation of the sensorimotor cortex during dreamed hand clenching. Yet, despite a close resemblance of such activation patterns to those seen during the corresponding wakeful behaviour, the causal mechanisms underlying specific dream contents remain largely elusive. Here, we aimed to investigate the causal role of the sensorimotor cortex in generating movement and bodily sensations during REM sleep dreaming. Following bihemispheric transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) or sham stimulation, guided by functional mapping of the primary motor cortex, naive participants were awakened from REM sleep and responded to a questionnaire on bodily sensations in dreams. Electromyographic (EMG) and electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings were used to quantify physiological changes during the preceding REM period. We found that tDCS, compared to sham stimulation, significantly decreased reports of dream movement, especially of repetitive actions. Other types of bodily experiences, such as tactile or vestibular sensations, were not affected by tDCS, confirming the specificity of stimulation effects to movement sensations. In addition, tDCS reduced EEG interhemispheric coherence in parietal areas and affected the phasic EMG correlation between both arms. These findings show that a complex temporal reorganization of the motor network co-occurred with the reduction of dream movement, revealing a link between central and peripheral motor processes and movement sensations of the dream self. tDCS over the sensorimotor cortex interferes with dream movement during REM sleep, which is consistent with a causal contribution to dream experience and has broader implications for understanding the neural basis of self-experience in dreams. Dreams are vivid, often emotionally intense and narratively complex experiences occurring in sleep. In our dreams, we feel immersed in alternative worlds and have the experience of interacting with other persons and objects. Often this involves the subjective experience of moving through the dream world, and movement is among the most frequently reported dream experiences, second only to visual imagery 1,2. Yet these rich subjective experiences stand in stark contrast to the outward unresponsiveness and lack of observable behaviour during sleep. This study aimed to investigate the causal mechanisms underlying dream movement and bodily experience in dreams by applying transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over sensorimotor areas. While

show abstract

“…Studies focusing on the neural correlates of specific types of bodily dream experiences have shown the sensorimotor cortex to be activated during hand clenching in dreams (Dresler et al 2011), and the right superior temporal sulcus, a region involved in the biological motion perception, to be activated in dreams with a sense of movement (Siclari et al 2017). Furthermore, smooth pursuit eye movements during tracking of a visual target are highly similar during waking perception and lucid REM sleep dreaming (LaBerge et al 2018). Taken together, these studies suggest a remarkable isomorphism of the neural mechanisms underlying motor control in wakefulness and dreaming.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulating dream experience: Noninvasive brain stimulation over the sensorimotor cortex reduces dream movement

Noreika

Windt

Kern

et al. 2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

27Recently, cortical correlates of specific dream contents have been reported, such as the 28 activation of the sensorimotor cortex during dreamed hand clenching. Yet, the causal 29 mechanisms underlying specific dream content remain largely elusive. Here, we investigated 30 how alterations in the excitability of sensorimotor areas through transcranial direct current 31 stimulation (tDCS) might alter dream content. Following bihemispheric tDCS or sham 32 stimulation, participants who were awakened from REM sleep filled out a questionnaire on 33 bodily sensations in dreams. tDCS, compared to sham stimulation, significantly decreased 34 reports of dream movement, especially repetitive actions. Contrary to this, other types of 35 bodily experiences, such as tactile or vestibular sensations, were not affected by tDCS, 36 confirming the specificity of stimulation effects. In addition, tDCS reduced interhemispheric 37 coherence in parietal areas and altered the phasic electromyography correlation between the 38 two arms. These findings reveal that a complex reorganization of the motor network co-39 occurred with the reduction of dream movement, confirming spatial specificity of the 40 stimulation site. We conclude that tDCS over the sensorimotor cortex causally interferes with 41 dream movement during REM sleep.42 43

show abstract

Smooth tracking of visual targets distinguishes lucid REM sleep dreaming and waking perception from imagination

Cited by 58 publications

References 30 publications

On Moving the Eyes to Flag Lucid Dreaming

On Moving the Eyes to Flag Lucid Dreaming

Modulating dream experience: Noninvasive brain stimulation over the sensorimotor cortex reduces dream movement

Modulating dream experience: Noninvasive brain stimulation over the sensorimotor cortex reduces dream movement

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About