Smouldering of different dry sewage sludges and residual reactivity of their intermediates

Ronda, A.; Zassa, M. Della; Gianfelice, G.; Iáñez-Rodríguez, I.; Canu, Paolo

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2019.03.026

Cited by 16 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Applications of smouldering combustion are solving a wide range of engineering challenges. Applied smouldering systems represent a simple, economical, and robust thermal conversion option in many contexts, including soil remediation [1][2][3], biomass energy conversion [4,5], wastewater sludge treatment [6,7], resource recovery [8,9],…”

Section: Applied Smouldering Combustionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heat losses in a smouldering system: The key role of non-uniform air flux

Rashwan

Torero

Gerhard

2021

Combustion and Flame

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Section: Applied Smouldering Combustionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 Used a thin bottom layer of wood chips below a bottom 0.128 m layer of 20.0 gGAC kgs -1 layer for ignition. 6 The !" #$ averaging began after 194 min from turning off the heater because of persistent initial effects (see Fig.…”

Section: Experimental Equipment and Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat losses in a smouldering system: The key role of non-uniform air flux

Rashwan

Torero

Gerhard

2021

Combustion and Flame

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“…The DTG peak for the CH at 640 °C is due to residual char burning and probably inorganic component volatilization . This peak most likely occurred as a result of the previously developed ash’s nonporous character for air transfer . The absence of the residual carbon combustion peak, which appeared during the CH calcination, is most probably due to the porous nature of previously produced ash and char from TS and CH–TS decomposition for air transport.…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With this scenario, it may be possible to synthesize catalysts that have more activity and resistance to deactivation from a blend of LBs and chemicals . Thermal analyses, including thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis techniques, can be employed to understand the combustion mechanism of biomasses and their derivatives …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Performance Investigation of Alkali and Bifunctional Catalysts Derived from Lignocellulosic Biomasses for Biodiesel Synthesis from Waste Frying Oil

Bekele,

Shibeshi,

Reshad

2024

ACS Omega

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In this study, alkali and bifunctional catalysts were synthesized for waste frying oil methyl ester (WFOME) synthesis. Coffee husk (CH) and CH blended with Eragrostis tef straw (TS) (CH−TS) lignocellulosic biomasses (LBs) were utilized during the catalysts' synthesis. The alkali catalysts were CH and CH−TS ashes, both modified by KNO 3 impregnation. They are designated as C-45 and C-Mix, respectively. Zirconia (ZrO 2 ) promoted CH ash catalysts via precipitation followed by impregnation (Bic-PP) and in situ precipitation−impregnation (Bic-Dm) were the bifunctional ones. CH and CH−TS chars were the supporting frameworks during the catalysts' composite materials (CCMs) preparation. The combustion performance of LBs and CCMs was evaluated and associated with the catalysts' physicochemical properties. Using XRD, SEM, FTIR, alkalinity, TOF, and BET surface area analysis, catalysts were characterized. The combustion performance of the LBs was in the order of TS > CH−TS > CH. Among CCMs, the highest combustion performance was for CCM-Mix (KNO 3 /(CH−TS char)) and the lowest was for CCM-45 (KNO 3 / CH char). The C-Mix catalyst was a light green powder due to the reaction between inorganic components, whereas C-45 was dark gray due to the presence of unburned char. The CCMs for bifunctional catalysts had moderate combustion performance and yielded light gray powdered catalysts containing tetragonal ZrO 2 . The optimum WFOME yields were 98.08, 97, 92.69, and 93.05 wt % for C-Mix, C-45, Bic-Dm, and Bic-PP assisted WFO transesterification, respectively. The results were obtained at a reaction temperature of 65 °C, time of 1 h, and methanol to WFO molar ratio of 15:1 using catalyst amounts of 5 and 7 wt % for the alkali and bifunctional catalysts, respectively. The greatest moisture resistance was offered by the C-Mix catalyst. The best reusability was for the C-45 catalyst. Catalysts' deactivation modes include active site leaching and poisoning.

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“…The residue left after the pyrolysis process can be used for the development of efficient adsorbents [12,13]. These adsorbents can be used to reduce the level of heavy metals or organic pollutants [14,15]. Thus, pyrolysis can be considered a clean and efficient method of SS disposal [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opportunities regarding the use of technologies of energy recovery from sewage sludge

et al. 2021

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Based on the global need to efficiently eliminate highly produced amounts of sewage sludge, alternative technologies are required to be practically developed. Reduction of sewage sludge waste quantities with energy recovery is the most important and modern practice, with least possible impact on the environment. Appropriate technologies for treating and disposal sewage sludge are currently considered: incineration, gasification and pyrolysis. The main products generated during the pyrolysis process are bio-gas, bio-oil and bio-residue, providing sustainable fuels/ biofuels and adsorbents. Compared to other disposal methods of sewage sludge, pyrolysis has advantages in terms of the environment: waste in small quantities, low emissions, low level of heavy metals. From a technological point of view, pyrolysis is the most efficient in relation to its final products, pyrolysis oil, pyrolysis gas and solid residue that can be transformed into CO2 adsorbent with the help of chemical and thermal activation processes. The incineration process of sewage sludge has a number of disadvantages both environmentally and technologically: organic pollutants, heavy metals, toxic pollutants and ash resulting from combustion that needs a disposal process. A comparison of different types of sewage sludge elimination for the energy recovery is described in the present paper. Article Highlights Sewage sludge is a waste in increasing quantities, which requires disposal and energy recovery, in a clean way for the environment. The pyrolysis process of sewage sludge is the cleanest method of its recovery. Pyrolysis products, bio-oil, syngas and biochar, can be used as alternative fuels to fossil fuels. The pyrolysis process of the sewage sludge is the most advantageous from the point of view of the obtained products and of the environment, in comparison with the incineration and gasification processes.

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Smouldering of different dry sewage sludges and residual reactivity of their intermediates

Cited by 16 publications

References 34 publications

Heat losses in a smouldering system: The key role of non-uniform air flux

Heat losses in a smouldering system: The key role of non-uniform air flux

Catalytic Performance Investigation of Alkali and Bifunctional Catalysts Derived from Lignocellulosic Biomasses for Biodiesel Synthesis from Waste Frying Oil

Opportunities regarding the use of technologies of energy recovery from sewage sludge

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