Smuggling and Trafficking: A Conference Report

Martin, Philip; Miller, Mark J.

doi:10.1177/019791830003400313

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…IOM's figure of 700,000, 2 drawn from a US Department of Justice estimate, could be seen as a humanitarian problem of the scale of Kosovo, Rwanda or Liberia. Meanwhile, estimates of the monetary value of human trafficking and smuggling of US$5-10 billion, discussed at two recent conferences on the subject in Bamberg, Germany and Washington, DC, make this a global business of significant proportions, in which Europe is a major destination (Martin and Miller 2000).…”

Section: "Illegal" Migration As a Problem The Growth In "Illegal" Migmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breaking the Convention: Researching the “Illegal” Migration of Refugees to Europe

Black

2003

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The study of refugees by geographers and other social scientists is, almost by definition, framed around a series of legal categories, which provide us with more or less neat categories of types of involuntary migrants. Yet the process of migration emerges in relation to legal categories and is not simply dictated by them. Thus, as legislation on migration in general and the interpretation of the 1951 Geneva Convention in particular have become more restrictive, patterns of migration have increasingly emerged that manipulate, circumvent or simply break existing legislation.This paper examines the responses by researchers in geography and related disciplines to asylum-seeking and other forms of migration that are increasingly categorised as "illegal" as a result of recent European policy developments. Specifically, the potential for participatory and/or emancipatory research in such circumstances is explored, through comparative analysis of the ethical issues involved in radical research on a range of "trafficking" scenarios. The interaction of such research with public policy-making is also examined.

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Section: "Illegal" Migration As a Problem The Growth In "Illegal" Migmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breaking the Convention: Researching the “Illegal” Migration of Refugees to Europe

Black

2003

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“…The share of unauthorized U.S.-Mexico border crossers using intermediaries or smugglers has been estimated at about 80 percent in 1990 to over 90 percent in the mid to late 2000s (Jandl, 2007;Dolfin and Genicot, 2010;Martin and Miller, 2000).…”

Section: Background Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Human Smuggling and Intentions to Migrate: Global Evidence from a Supply Shock Along Africa-to-Europe Migration Routes

et al. 2017

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Africa-to-Europe irregular migration depends heavily on human smuggling services. The demise of the Gaddafi regime in 2011 marked the end of a bilateral agreement between Italy and Libya and opened the Central Mediterranean Route for irregular border crossing. How did this remarkable increase in human smuggling services affect migration intentions in the rest of the region? This paper isolates a causal impact by exploiting the spatial dimension of the smuggling network and its change over time, which produced a heterogeneous decrease in bilateral migration distances between countries in Africa and Europe. We use this source of variation and a novel dataset of bilateral distances along irregular land and sea routes, combined with cross-country survey data on individual intentions to move from Africa to Europe between 2010 and 2012. Netting out pair-and country-by-time-specific fixed effects, we find a large negative effect of distance along smuggling routes on individual migration intentions. Shorter distances increase the willingness to migrate especially for youth, (medium) skilled individuals and those with a network abroad. The effect is stronger in origin countries not too far from Libya and with weak rule of law.

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“…In France Employers are liable for penalties of up to 1000 times minimum wage, while in Germany the maximum fine is 52,600$. In UK employer sanctions exist since 1997 and the maximum fine is 8,000$ per illegal worker hired (Martin and Miller, 2000) A vast literature exists on migration policy (see for example, Benhabib, 1996, Bauer et al, 2000, but only few articles examine the interaction between economic and political processes. Amegashie (2004) studied a model in which the number of immigrants allowed into a country is the outcome of a costly political lobbying process between a firm and a union, using the all-pay auction contest.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%