Sn-Based Nanocomposite for Li-Ion Battery Anode with High Energy Density, Rate Capability, and Reversibility

Abstract

To design an easily manufactured, large energy density, highly reversible, and fast rate-capable Li-ion battery (LIB) anode, Co-Sn intermetallics (CoSn, CoSn, and CoSn) were synthesized, and their potential as anode materials for LIBs was investigated. Based on their electrochemical performances, CoSn was selected, and its C-modified nanocomposite (CoSn/C) as well as Ti- and C-modified nanocomposite (CoSn/ a-TiC/C) was straightforwardly prepared. Interestingly, the CoSn, CoSn/C, and CoSn/ a-TiC/C showed conversion/nonrecombination, conversion/partial recombination, and conversion/full recombination during Li insertion/extraction, respectively, which were thoroughly investigated using ex situ X-ray diffraction and extended X-ray absorption fine structure analyses. As a result of the interesting conversion/full recombination mechanism, the easily manufactured CoSn/ a-TiC/C nanocomposite for the Sn-based Li-ion battery anode showed large energy density (first reversible capacity of 1399 mAh cm), high reversibility (first Coulombic efficiency of 83.2%), long cycling behavior (100% capacity retention after 180 cycles), and fast rate capability (appoximately 1110 mAh cm at 3 C rate). In addition, degradation/enhancement mechanisms for high-capacity and high-performance Li-alloy-based anode materials for next-generation LIBs were also suggested.

Stabilization of Sn Anode through Structural Reconstruction of a Cu–Sn Intermetallic Coating Layer

“…), in which some electrochemically inactive metals act as mechanical buffer agents to relieve the stress generated by volume change during lithiation/delithiation. [ 26–28 ] The electrochemical reaction in these Sn‐based alloys/intermetallic compounds can be generally expressed as follows [ 13 ] …”

Dual Buffering Inverse Design of Three‐Dimensional Graphene‐Supported Sn‐TiO2 Anodes for Durable Lithium‐Ion Batteries

“…[ 10 ] Otherwise, Sn‐based binary (or intermetallic) compounds greatly promise the cycle stability and rate capability. [ 11 ] Supportive or buffering layers are essential even for such unique structures to mitigate the large volume change that mostly benefited from the electrically conductive carbon or mechanically stable TiO 2 polymorphs, for instance, highly conductive metallic Sn particles (20–50 nm) or its dispersion in the carbon nanofibers are protected by anatase TiO 2 spherical shell, [ 10b ] or pipe‐structured shell, [ 10a ] respectively, during the battery operation. However, outermost nonconductive TiO 2 might slow down the electronic conduction over the composite electrodes or through the micrometer‐long fibers, although it serves as a mechanically clamping layers as well as the artificial SEI layer to avoid direct contact of Sn anodes toward the liquid electrolytes.…”

Constructing Hollow Ni0.2Co0.8S@rGO Composites at Low Temperature Conditions as Anode Material for Lithium‐Ion batteries

“…Nowadays, lithium-ion batteries have aroused enormous attention due to their environmental friendliness, memory-less effect, and high energy density. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] So far, a great diversity of materials has been extensively researched as anode materials for LIBs, such as metal oxides, metal sulfides, and carbonaceous materials. [13][14][15][16][17][18] Among these materials, metal sulfides (such as TiS 2 , FeS 2 , SnS 2 , CoS 2 , MoS 2 , etc.)…”

“…Nowadays, lithium‐ion batteries have aroused enormous attention due to their environmental friendliness, memory‐less effect, and high energy density . So far, a great diversity of materials has been extensively researched as anode materials for LIBs, such as metal oxides, metal sulfides, and carbonaceous materials .…”