Sn self-doped α-Fe2O3 nanobranch arrays supported on a transparent, conductive SnO2 trunk to improve photoelectrochemical water oxidation

Current progress in developing metal oxide nanoarrays-based photoanodes for photoelectrochemical water splitting

“…The intermediate metal catalysts are usually utilized to prepare homo/heterostructured branching arrays [160][161][162]. For example, a combination of the reductive successive-ionic-layer-adsorptionreaction (SILAR) and the SLS growth approach were implemented to assemble a 1D oxide-1D chalcogenide heterostructured photoactive film.…”

“…The FeOOH can be transformed into a-Fe 2 O 3 by heat treatment. Inspired from the idea, Sn-doped a-Fe 2 O 3 nanorod branches supported on SnO 2 nanowire arrays were prepared with enhanced PEC performance [162]. The average length of the nanorods is estimated to be about 70, 130, and 160 nm for 2, 4, and 12 h, respectively.…”

“…[200]. [262,[399][400][401], Sn [402][403][404][405][406][407], Si [408], Zr [404], Ge [409], Se [410], Ta [411,412], W [413], and Nd [412]. Sn-doping could be achieved by simply annealing a-Fe 2 O 3 nanorod arrays at a higher tempera- under AM1.5 illumination).…”

Interplay of thickness and photoelectrochemical properties in nanostructured α-Fe2 O3 thin films

“…These include a low absorption near the band gap, very short excited state lifetimes (≈10 ps) and poor charge carrier mobility, that result in a small hole diffusion length (2–4 nm) and in a detrimental performance decrease, due to charge carrier recombination . Several works, that have been focused on overcoming these limitations and improve hematite photoactivity, encompass doping with a variety of elements , use of over/underlayers and a detailed control of morphology through a proper nanostructure engineering .…”

Ytterbium modification of pristine and molybdenum-modified hematite electrodes as a strategy for efficient water splitting photoanodes

“…Two potentials were chosen: -0.30 V (close to the photo-onset potential) and 0.23 V (O 2 /OHequilibrium potential). The charge transfer resistance at the semiconductor/electrolyte interface is associated to the radius of the semicircle in the frequency range 1-100Hz[52]. As shown inFig.…”