“…Numerous prospective Se- and Te-based PCMs have been examined for use in memory applications as well as for more fundamental studies including: In−Se, , In−Se−Tl, Ga−Te−Se, Sb−Se, Sb−Se−Bi, Sb−Te, In−Sb−Te, Ag−In−Sb−Te, Sn−Te−Se, Ge−Te, Ge−Te−Sn, Ge−Te−As, , Ge−Sb−Te, , and Ge−Sb−Te−Se . Most of these systems (with the notable exception of Ge−Te, Ge−Sb−Te and Ag−In−Sb−Te) exhibit relatively long crystallization times (>200 ns), rendering them incompatible with high data-transfer-rate operation in rewritable electronic and optical applications .…”