Snacking is Common in People with Diabetes Type 1 and Type 2 with Insulin Therapy and Is Not Associated With Metabolic Control or Quality of Life

Schubert, H.; Müller, Ulrich; Kramer, G; Müller, N; Heller, Tabitha; Kloos, C; Kuniß, Nadine

doi:10.1055/a-0631-8813

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In addition to commonly used mid-meal snacks ( 13 , 42 ), pre-load represents a novel dietary approach to lower post-prandial glycemic excursions ( 14 , 43 ). A variety of foods, such as olive oil, milk proteins, fruits, and low-GI nutritional shakes, have been demonstrated to improve post-prandial glucose levels ( 26 , 27 , 44 – 47 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of low-GI biscuits as pre-loads or mid-meal snacks on post-prandial glycemic excursions in women with recent gestational diabetes: A protocol for a randomized crossover trial and an extended tailored intervention

Gao

Luo

et al. 2023

Front. Nutr.

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BackgroundIncreased post-prandial glycemic excursions contribute to the development of diabetes and have been observed in women with recent gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and with normal glucose tolerance at post-partum. As a convenient meal replacement, low-GI biscuits are helpful for improving glycemic excursions in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, it is unknown whether low-GI biscuits as pre-loads or mid-meal snacks have a better effect in diminishing post-prandial glycemic excursions from the individual level in women with recent GDM. Therefore, the aim of this trial is to tailor a better dietary strategy utilizing low-GI biscuits (Fitmeal) to improve post-prandial glycemic excursions through within-subject comparison in such a population and observe the long-term effect of a tailored dietary approach in glycemic control.MethodsWe have designed a two-phase trial including a randomized, crossover, non-blinded trial in the first phase, followed by a 4-week tailored intervention in the second phase. A total of 52 post-partum women with recent GDM will be allocated into four meal plans: (1) Fitmeal pre-load 30 min before standard lunch meal (P+L), (2) Fitmeal as a mid-meal snack 2 h before standard lunch meal (S+L), (3) isocaloric standard control with co-ingestion of Fitmeal and standard lunch meal (CL) at the same time, and (4) placebo control with 200 ml of water taken 30 min before standard lunch meal (W + L), on four consecutive days. Acute post-prandial glycemic response (PGR) measured by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) will be compared among the four meals. In the second phase, all participants will receive a 4-week tailored intervention using Fitmeal as pre-loads or mid-meal snacks based on within-subject PGR results from the first phase. Glycemic metrics, dietary behaviors, and psychosocial factors (e.g., quality of life, self-efficacy, perceived stress, and depression) will be examined at baseline and end-point.DiscussionThis trial is expected to optimize the use of low-GI biscuits as pre-loads or mid-meal snacks in improving individual post-prandial glycemic excursions among women with recent GDM. Furthermore, the findings of this study will provide novel information on how to deliver an effective dietary intervention at the individual level and guide future clinical practice of medical nutrition therapy for diabetes prevention.Trial registration numberChinese clinical trial registry, ChiCTR2200060923.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of low-GI biscuits as pre-loads or mid-meal snacks on post-prandial glycemic excursions in women with recent gestational diabetes: A protocol for a randomized crossover trial and an extended tailored intervention

Gao

Luo

et al. 2023

Front. Nutr.

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“…The main aim of this study set out to determine the effect of a 3-month CR (without snacking between meals) on the anthropometric parameters, HOMA-IR index, and lipid profiles of 48 female office workers with BMIs exceeding the normal range by as much as 12%. The study participants were divided into 2 groups: one consisting of women who did not snack before the intervention, and the other group of women who had 1–5 healthy and unhealthy snacks per day, which increased their daily calorie intake [ 43 ] by ca. 110 kcal more compared with the NS group and triggered an extra release of insulin inhibiting fatty acid oxidation and fat tissue reduction [ 13 , 44 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous studies indicate that reducing body mass by means of a restricted calorie intake raises insulin sensitivity, protects pancreatic beta cells, and prevents the pro-the other group of women who had 1-5 healthy and unhealthy snacks per day, which increased their daily calorie intake [43] by ca. 110 kcal more compared with the NS group and triggered an extra release of insulin inhibiting fatty acid oxidation and fat tissue reduction [13,44].…”

Section: Changes Following Calorie Restrictionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of calorie restriction on the anthropometric parameters, HOMA-IR index, and lipid profile of female office workers with overweight and obesity: a preliminary study

Sadowska-Krępa¹,

Gdańska²,

Přidalová³

et al. 2022

Int J Occup Med Environ Health

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This study evaluates the effect of a 3-month calorie restriction (CR) without snacking on the anthropometric parameters, Homeostatic Model Assesment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), and lipid profiles of female office workers with overweight or obesity, whose physical activity was limited during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. Material and Methods: Forty-eight women aged 20-38 years (28.9±5.24) with low physical activity levels were divided into a non-snacking (NS) group (N = 21) and a snacking (S) group (N = 27) prior to the dietary intervention. Their daily energy intake during the intervention was lowered by 30% compared with the baseline level, and the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids and fiber in their diet was increased (to >30 g/day). The proportion of saturated fatty acids and simple carbohydrates was also reduced. The study participants were assessed at the baseline and post-intervention for anthropometric variables (body weight, body fat percentage BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio) and the concentrations of insulin, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Moreover, the values for HOMA-IR, the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), and the ratios of TC/HDL-C, TG/HDL-C, and LDL-C/HDL-C were calculated. Results: All anthropometric parameter values obtained post-intervention were lower than the baseline in both groups. The serum insulin concentration and HOMA-IR decreased respectively by an average of 6% and 25% in the NS group and 37% and 45% in the S group. The lipid profiles of all participants improved significantly, with the LDL-C concentration showing a more promising trend in the S group (decrease by 27%) than in the NS group (17%). Conclusions: The study showed that CR improved the anthropometric parameters, HOMA-IR index, and lipid profiles of all participants.

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“…The initial treatment of GDM involves diet modification, glucose monitoring, and moderate exercise. These findings highlight that medical nutritional therapy is the basis of GDM treatment (Persson et al, 2015) and is defined as the process of planning eating patterns, adapting the eating patterns and assessing the success of dietary interventions (Schübert et al, 2019). Persson Winkvist and Mogren (Persson et al, 2015) found that food plans should provide adequate calorie intake to improve fetal and maternal health, to acquire glycemic goals, and to increase weight according to gestational age.…”

Section: Management Of Gdmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meals is defined as three main eating occasions "breakfast, lunch and dinner". Some women consume snacks as recommendations from healthcare professionals, their own preferences due to hunger/appetite or out of habit (Schübert et al, 2019).…”

Section: Management Of Gdmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gestational diabetes mellitus: management during and after pregnancy - a systematic literature review

Subarto¹,

Hakimi

Isnaeni³

2020

J. Heal. Technol. Assess. Midwifery

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Introduction: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common complications of pregnancy. Women with gestational diabetes have a higher risk of serious health outcomes for mother and baby such as preeclampsia, premature birth and the long term development of type 2 diabetes. This study was conducted to present a review of available research in several countries about GDM management during and after pregnancy. Method: Several databases including PubMed, ScienceDirect and EBSco were searched for relevant articles published between January 2009 and January 2019. Result: Of the 1186 initial articles identified, this study analyzed 7 relevant articles that met the inclusion criteria. This study showed that management for GDM includes medical nutrition therapy, exercise, monitoring of blood glucose, and insulin therapy if blood glucose is not achieved with that treatment. Exclusive breast feeding for at least three months has been shown reducing the risk of childhood obesity of children, particularly in those born to obese and mothers with GDM Conclusion: There is a need to increase awareness of long-term consequences on gestational diabetes, both in patients and in healthcare professionals. Counseling is needed for dietary intervention and physical activity for all postpartum women with a history of GDM to stay healthy or to improve future health

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Snacking is Common in People with Diabetes Type 1 and Type 2 with Insulin Therapy and Is Not Associated With Metabolic Control or Quality of Life

Cited by 5 publications

References 19 publications

Effects of low-GI biscuits as pre-loads or mid-meal snacks on post-prandial glycemic excursions in women with recent gestational diabetes: A protocol for a randomized crossover trial and an extended tailored intervention

Effects of low-GI biscuits as pre-loads or mid-meal snacks on post-prandial glycemic excursions in women with recent gestational diabetes: A protocol for a randomized crossover trial and an extended tailored intervention

The effect of calorie restriction on the anthropometric parameters, HOMA-IR index, and lipid profile of female office workers with overweight and obesity: a preliminary study

Gestational diabetes mellitus: management during and after pregnancy - a systematic literature review

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