Snake oil, ethics, and the first amendment: What's a profession to do?

Kennedy, Sheila Suess; Mercer, Jean; Mohr, Wanda K.; Huffine, Charles

doi:10.1037/0002-9432.72.1.5

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 25 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Kennedy et al 180 stated that unvalidated treatments often claim to be effective against a range of disorders with different symptoms and etiologies. Worrall 181 recommended that the public be suspicious of any therapy that claims to treat a large number of illnesses.…”

Section: Scientific Research and Dissemination To The Publicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Learning Disabilities, Dyslexia, and Vision

Handler¹,

Fierson²

2011

Pediatrics

160

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Learning disabilities constitute a diverse group of disorders in which children who generally possess at least average intelligence have problems processing information or generating output. Their etiologies are multifactorial and reflect genetic influences and dysfunction of brain systems. Reading disability, or dyslexia, is the most common learning disability. It is a receptive language-based learning disability that is characterized by difficulties with decoding, fluent word recognition, rapid automatic naming, and/or reading-comprehension skills. These difficulties typically result from a deficit in the phonologic component of language that makes it difficult to use the alphabetic code to decode the written word. Early recognition and referral to qualified professionals for evidence-based evaluations and treatments are necessary to achieve the best possible outcome. Because dyslexia is a language-based disorder, treatment should be directed at this etiology. Remedial programs should include specific instruction in decoding, fluency training, vocabulary, and comprehension. Most programs include daily intensive individualized instruction that explicitly teaches phonemic awareness and the application of phonics. Vision problems can interfere with the process of reading, but children with dyslexia or related learning disabilities have the same visual function and ocular health as children without such conditions. Currently, there is inadequate scientific evidence to support the view that subtle eye or visual problems cause or increase the severity of learning disabilities. Because they are difficult for the public to understand and for educators to treat, learning disabilities have spawned a wide variety of scientifically unsupported vision-based diagnostic and treatment procedures. Scientific evidence does not support the claims that visual training, muscle exercises, ocular pursuit-and-tracking exercises, behavioral/perceptual vision therapy, “training” glasses, prisms, and colored lenses and filters are effective direct or indirect treatments for learning disabilities. There is no valid evidence that children who participate in vision therapy are more responsive to educational instruction than children who do not participate.

show abstract

Section: Scientific Research and Dissemination To The Publicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Learning Disabilities, Dyslexia, and Vision

Handler¹,

Fierson²

2011

Pediatrics

160

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As this was not accounted for by low statistical power, this strongly suggests that interventions must be evaluated before dissemination and implementation, in order to avoid implementing theoretically coherent but empirically ineffective interventions. This problem is given more attention, as the number of trials that report adverse events and unanticipated problems has increased (e.g., Boettcher, Rozental, Andersson, & Carlbring, 2014; Horigian, Robbins, Dominguez, Ucha, & Carmen, 2010; Jonsson, Alaie, Parling, & Arnberg, 2014; Kennedy, Mercer, Mohr, & Huffine, 2002; Lilienfeld, 2007; Lipsey & Cullen, 2007). The methodological quality index score was not statistically related to effect size.…”

Section: Discussion and Applications To Practicementioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in Methodological Quality in Controlled Trials of Psychological and Social Interventions

Sundell

Åhsberg

2016

Research on Social Work Practice

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: There is substantial evidence that poorly designed and reported research can mislead decision making in clinical care. This review investigates the methodological quality of Swedish trials of a wide array of psychological and social interventions. Method: The review includes 302 articles published in peer-reviewed journals during 1990-2014, which evaluated a psychological or social intervention; included a randomized or nonrandomized control group with a pre-post-or pre-follow-up design; and targeted individuals in order to prevent or rehabilitate from physical, psychological, or social problems. The results are based on the information reported in the articles. Results: Overall, methodological quality increased with time. However, more recent studies contained methodological deficits. For example, few had used blinded data collectors, reported power analyses, or searched for adverse events. Conclusion: The results indicate a potential risk of biased results in both older and newer trials. Possible implications for practice and research are discussed.

show abstract

“…I USA kvävdes den tioåriga flickan Candace Newmaker till döds av sina föräldrar år 2000. Det skedde i samband med att föräldrarna tillämpade Rebirthing och under överinseende av professionella terapeuter (Kennedy, Mercer, Mohr & Huffine 2002).…”

Section: Kan Terapeutisk Allians Förhindra Skadliga Insatser?unclassified

Debatt: Både insats och relation spelar roll

Sundell¹

2016

SVT

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Snake oil, ethics, and the first amendment: What's a profession to do?

Cited by 9 publications

References 25 publications

Learning Disabilities, Dyslexia, and Vision

Learning Disabilities, Dyslexia, and Vision

Trends in Methodological Quality in Controlled Trials of Psychological and Social Interventions

Debatt: Både insats och relation spelar roll

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About