Snake Venom Induced Local Toxicities: Plant Secondary Metabolites as an Auxiliary Therapy

Santhosh, M. Sebastin; Hemshekhar, M.; Sunitha, K.; Thushara, R. M.; Jnaneshwari, S.; Kemparaju, K.; Girish, K.

doi:10.2174/1389557511307010106

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…The excellent curative properties of medicinal plants are attributed to the presence of bioactive molecules, including secondary metabolites . Plant secondary metabolites are responsible for neutralization of venom toxins in snakebite victim . In contrast, high molecular weight components, particularly hydrolytic enzymes of herbal preparations are not well characterized in terms of their antisnake venom activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant DNases are potent therapeutic agents against Echis carinatus venom‐induced tissue necrosis in mice

Rudresha

Urs

Manjuprasanna

et al. 2018

J of Cellular Biochemistry

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Echis carinatus envenomation leads to severe tissue necrosis at the bitten site by releasing DNA from immune cells that blocks the blood flow. An earlier report has shown that exogenous DNase 1 offers protection against such severe local tissue necrosis. Tricosanthus tricuspidata is a medicinal plant and the paste prepared from its leaves has been used extensively for the treatment of snakebite‐induced tissue necrosis. Most studies including reports from our laboratory focused on plant secondary metabolite as therapeutic molecules against snakebite envenomation. However, the involvement of hydrolytic enzymes including DNase in treating snake venom‐induced tissue necrosis has not been addressed. Several folk medicinal plants used against snakebite treatment showed the presence of DNase activity and found to be rich in T. tricuspidata. Further, purified T. tricuspidata DNase showed a single sharp peak in reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC) with an apparent molecular mass of 17 kDa. T. tricuspidata DNase exhibited potent DNA degrading activity performed using agarose gel electrophoresis, spectrophotometric assay, and DNA zymography. In addition, purified DNase from T. tricuspidata was able to neutralize E. carinatus venom‐induced mouse tail tissue necrosis and normalized elevated serum creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels 30 minutes post venom injection. T. tricuspidata DNase was also able to reverse E. carinatus venom‐induced histopathological changes and collagen depletion in mice tail tissue. All these observed pharmacological actions of T. tricuspidata DNase were inhibited by sodium fluoride (NaF). This study provides scientific validation of the traditional use of T. tricuspidata leaf paste in the healing of snakebite‐induced tissue necrosis and might be exploited to treat snake venom‐induced local toxicity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant DNases are potent therapeutic agents against Echis carinatus venom‐induced tissue necrosis in mice

Rudresha

Urs

Manjuprasanna

et al. 2018

J of Cellular Biochemistry

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“…Por ello, la búsqueda de compuestos naturales efectivos para el tratamiento del envenenamiento inducido por las serpientes Bothrops se ha enfocado en aquellos que logren la inhibición de los principales componentes del veneno de forma rápida y segura (Carvalho et al, 2013;Santhosh et al, 2013). Los extractos vegetales pueden contener varios compuestos químicos capaces de inhibir los efectos tóxicos de los venenos de serpiente por acción directa, tales como inhibidores enzimáticos, quelantes, inactivadores químicos o inmunomoduladores (Mors, do Nascimento, Ruppelt, & Alvares, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…En Costa Rica, el estudio realizado por Castro y colaboradores (1999) identificó la presencia de catequinas, flavonas, antocianinas y taninos condensadas en los extractos vegetales que inhibieron efectivamente la hemorragia local inducida en ratones por la inyección de veneno de B. asper. La habilidad neutralizante del efecto hemorrágico en ese y otros estudios (Mouroao et al, 2014;Santhosh et al, 2013) se ha asociado principalmente a la presencia de flavonoides, los cuales podrían quelar el átomo de zinc requerido para que las metaloproteinasas ejerzan su acción hemorrágica. Los resultados obtenidos con el extracto etanólico clorofilado de P. dioica de Guatemala correlacionan con los hallazgos de Castro y colaboradores (1999), en donde se reportó que los extractos de P. dioica inhiben completamente la hemorragia local.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Inhibición de los efectos coagulante, fosfolipasa A2 y proteolítico del veneno de Bothrops asper por plantas usadas tradicionalmente en Centroamérica

Saravia‐Otten

Hernández²,

Marroquín³

et al. 2017

CTS

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Existen pocos estudios científicos que demuestren el valor terapéutico de las plantas en la medicina tradicional centroamericana para tratar el envenenamiento ofídico. En este estudio se evaluó la capacidad de los extractos etanólicos de nueve plantas de uso etnomédico en Centroamérica (Acacia hindsii, Aristolochia maxima, Bursera simaruba, Cissampelos pareira, Eryngium foetidum, Hamelia patens, Pimenta dioica, Piper peltatum y Sansevieria hyacinthoides) para inhibir el efecto coagulante del veneno de Bothrops asper. Tres de ellas (B. simaruba, E. foetidum y P. dioica) también fueron evaluadas en cuanto a su capacidad inhibitoria de los efectos fosfolipasa A2 (PLA2) y proteolítico del veneno. Las plantas fueron colectadas en Guatemala, secadas, extraídas con etanol y los efectos inhibitorios evaluados in vitro después de preincubar concentraciones variables de extracto con concentraciones fijas de veneno. Los resultados demostraron que ninguno de los extractos logró inhibir los efectos coagulante y PLA2, pero los extractos clorofilados de P. dioica y E. foetidum inhibieron efectivamente la actividad proteolítica del veneno. El tamizaje fitoquímico, mediante ensayos macro y semimicrométricos de cromatografía en capa fina, demostró la presencia de metabolitos secundarios reportados con actividad antiproteolítica (flavonoides, antocianinas, catequinas y taninos) en la composición química de los extractos de E. foetidum y P. dioica. Su efecto sobre el veneno se evaluó mediante electroforesis SDS-PAGE, demostrándose que no está mediado por degradación proteolítica de los componentes del veneno. El aislamiento y caracterización específica de sus metabolitos secundarios en futuros estudios, permitirá determinar el mecanismo de acción inhibitoria ejercido por estos extractos.

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“…The composition of snake venom varies depending on the species of snake, but it typically contains a wide range of biologically active compounds, such as enzymes, toxins, and non-enzymatic proteins (Calvete, 2013). These components can have a variety of effects on the human body, including neurotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, hemotoxicity, and myotoxicity (Santhosh et al, 2014). Some of the most common types of proteins found in snake venom include neurotoxins, hemotoxins, myotoxins, cytotoxins and other enzymes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential of Snake Venoms as Coagulation Agent for Hemorrhagic Trauma: A Review

Harun Ismail,

Mohamed Sideek,

Mohamad

2023

RAS

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Snake venom contains a variety of proteins and enzymes that can affect blood coagulation and have been investigated for their potential use as hemostatic agents to stop hemorrhage. Hemorrhage can be caused by a variety of factors, including injury, surgery, and certain medical conditions, and can be life-threatening if not controlled. Several components of snake venom have been identified as potential hemostatic agents. One such component is Batroxobin, a metalloproteinase found in the venom of the Bothrops atrox snake. Batroxobin has been shown to activate prothrombin to thrombin, which promotes clot formation and can be used to stop bleeding. Ancrod is a serine protease that can cleave fibrinogen, reducing the concentration of fibrinogen in the blood and preventing clot formation. Ancrod has been used as a hemostatic agent in the past, but its use has been limited due to concerns about its safety and efficacy. Other components of snake venom, such as those found in the venom of Russell's viper and the saw-scaled viper, have been found to have potential as hemostatic agents. These components have been shown to activate factor X and have been investigated as potential treatments for hemorrhage. The use of snake venom as a hemostatic agent is not without its challenges. One of the main concerns is the potential for adverse reactions, including allergic reactions, and the risk of complications such as thrombosis. Additionally, the availability of snake venom is limited, and the production of synthetic versions of these compounds can be challenging. Despite these challenges, the potential of snake venom as a hemostatic agent is promising, particularly in the development of new, more targeted treatments for hemorrhage. Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms of action of snake venom-derived hemostatic agents and to develop safe and effective therapeutic agents. In conclusion, snake venom contains a variety of components that have the potential as hemostatic agents to stop hemorrhage. While the use of snake venom-derived hemostatic agents is not without its challenges, these agents have promising potential in the treatment of a range of medical conditions. Keywords: Snake venom, coagulation agent, hemorrhagic trauma

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Snake Venom Induced Local Toxicities: Plant Secondary Metabolites as an Auxiliary Therapy

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Plant DNases are potent therapeutic agents against Echis carinatus venom‐induced tissue necrosis in mice

Plant DNases are potent therapeutic agents against Echis carinatus venom‐induced tissue necrosis in mice

Inhibición de los efectos coagulante, fosfolipasa A2 y proteolítico del veneno de Bothrops asper por plantas usadas tradicionalmente en Centroamérica

The Potential of Snake Venoms as Coagulation Agent for Hemorrhagic Trauma: A Review

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