Snoring and excessive daytime somnolence among Polish middle-aged adults

Abstract

There is considerable interest in the association of snoring and health consequences that have been linked to more severe sleep-disordered breathing, including obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome. The goal of this investigation was to assess the independent association of heavy, habitual snoring and daytime sleepiness.For this, a cross-sectional, population based study of snoring, sleepiness and other factors was conducted using the Warsaw sample of the Multinational Monitoring of Trends and Determinants of Cardiovascular Diseases (MONICA) study, a populationbased multicentre study of cardiovascular disease. The well-defined MONICA sample of middle-aged males and females also allowed estimation of age-and sex-specific prevalences of habitual snoring in Polish adults. Data on self-reported snoring frequency and loudness, and daytime sleepiness using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and other questions, were collected with a postal questionnaire.Seventy-nine per cent of the MONICA sample completed the questionnaire, yielding a total of 1,186 participants. Of the total sample, 27% of the females and 48% of the males reported habitual snoring ("often" or "always"). There was an independent association of habitual snoring and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), sleepiness that interfered with work and with increasing ESS scores. Habitual snorers were 5.8 and 3.1 times more likely to report EDS in active and passive situations, respectively, compared to nonsnorers (all p<0.01).It is concluded that habitual snorers, most of whom are probably unlikely to have frank sleep apnoea syndrome, are at substantial risk for daytime sleepiness. These findings add support to the hypothesis that simple snoring is not benign and underscores the need for further research on health outcomes associated with this prevalent condition. Eur Respir J 1999; 14: 946±950.

Sleep-disordered breathing and upper airway size in pregnancy and post-partum

“…This question is widely used in sleep units to evaluate individuals for possible SDB. A similar form (or the visual analogue scale) for refreshment, snoring and daytime sleepiness has been used by other researchers successfully [15,18,19]. It has been shown that this question has significant correlations with excessive daytime sleepiness [18] and snoring [19].…”

Ronco habitual e apnéia obstrutiva observada em adultos: estudo de base populacional, Pelotas, RS

“…Sexo masculino, faixa etária entre 40 e 60 anos e obesidade são fatores de risco conhecidos para ronco habitual. 2,23,24 Tabagismo e alcoolismo também têm sido associados ao ronco. 5,7 Indivíduos que roncam sofrem freqüentemente de sonolência diurna excessiva 24 e podem prejudicar a qualidade de vida de seus companheiros.…”

“…2,23,24 Tabagismo e alcoolismo também têm sido associados ao ronco. 5,7 Indivíduos que roncam sofrem freqüentemente de sonolência diurna excessiva 24 e podem prejudicar a qualidade de vida de seus companheiros. 8 Mesmo os distúrbios respiratórios do sono leves podem afetar a saúde dos indivíduos, haja vista a associação entre ronco habitual e infarto do miocárdio, acidente vascular cerebral e hipertensão arterial sistêmica.…”

Spanish Translation and Cross-Language Validation of a Sleep Habits Questionnaire for Use in Clinical and Research Settings

“…These symptom questions have been widely used (e.g., the World Health Organization). 39 Questions used to identify RLS were drawn from SHHS-2 9 and reflect NIH diagnostic criteria for the syndrome including description, frequency, time of day, active/ at rest status, and degree of discomfort. 40 …”