Snow avalanche susceptibility mapping from tree-based machine learning approaches in ungauged or poorly-gauged regions

Comparison of Two 2-D Numerical Models for Snow Avalanche Simulation

“…Examples of such simulation tools are the two-dimensional models RAMMS::AVALANCHE (Christen et al, 2010b), SamosAT (Sampl and Zwinger, 2004), r.avaflow (Mergili et al, 2017) and DAN-3D (Aaron et al, 2016). More recently, machine learning techniques applied to big data collections have been used to evaluate the susceptibility of occurrence (Blagovechshenskiy et al, 2023;Choubin et al, 2019;Liu et al, 2023), assess mass wasting susceptibility (Choubin et al, 2020), or runout distance (Toft et al, 2023) over large spatial extents.…”