Snowmass2021 Cosmic Frontier: The landscape of low-threshold dark matter direct detection in the next decade

Essig, Rouven; Giovanetti, G. K.; Kurinsky, Noah; McKinsey, D. N.; Ramanathan, Karthik; Stifter, K.; Yu, Tien-Tien; Aboubrahim, A.; Adams, D.; Alves, Daniele S. M.; Aralis, T.; Araújo, H. M.; Baxter, D.; Berghaus, K. V.; Berlin, A.; Blanco, C.; Bloch, I. M.; Bonivento, W.; Bunker, R.; Burdin, S.; Caminata, A.; Carmona-Benitez, M. C.; L., Chaplinsky,; Chen, T. Y.; Derenzo, S. E.; Viveiros, L. de; Dick, R.; Marco, N. Di; Du, P.; Dutta, B.; Ebadi, R.; Emken, T.; Esposito, A.; Etzion, E.; Feng, J. L.; Fernandez, N.; Ge, S. -F.; Ghosh, S.; Giroux, G.; Hamaide, L.; Hertel, S. A.; Herrera, G.; Hochberg, Y.; Kahn, Y.; J., Kavanagh, B.; Khan, A. N.; Kluck, H.; Kravitz, S.; Krosigk, B. von; Kumar, J.; Lawson, I. T.; Lehmann, B. V.; Lin, T.; Liao, J.; Lyon, S. A.; Majewski, P. M.; Manzari, C. A.; Monroe, J.; Monzani, M. E.; Morrissey, David E.; Norcini, D.; Orly, A.; Parikh, A.; Park, J. -C.; Patel, P. K.; Paul, S.; Pèrez-Ríos, J.; Phipps, A.; Pocar, A.; Ritz, A.; Sarkis, Y.; Schuster, P.; Schwetz, T.; Shaw, S.; Shin, S.; Singal, A.; Singh, R.; Slone, O.; P., Sorensen,; Sun, C.; Szydagis, M.; Temples, D. J.; Testera, G.; Thieme, K.; Toro, N.; Trickle, T.; Uemura, S.; Velan, V.; Vitagliano, E.; Wagner, F.; Wang, G.; Westerdale, S.; Zurek, K. M.

doi:10.48550/arxiv.2203.08297

Cited by 22 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 116 publications

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“…For experiments such as Xenon, PandaX and LZ, it is well-known that this cut-off lies around the GeV-scale, corresponding to a detectable threshold in the keV range. As such, even though these detectors have impressive reach -currently down to the level of spin-independent cross sections of σ SI ∼ 10 −47 cm 2 [3-5], and even approaching the neutrino floor [9,10] with ongoing searches -there is ample motivation (and hence, in fact, both experimental and theoretical activity) for methods to probe the sub-GeV mass range [11,12]. This describes the first "window" in which DM can hide -it could just be that DM has a small mass out of the reach of direct detection experiments.…”

Section: Jhep01(2023)123mentioning

confidence: 99%

No room to hide: implications of cosmic-ray upscattering for GeV-scale dark matter

Alvey

Bringmann

Kolešová

2023

J. High Energ. Phys.

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The irreducible upscattering of cold dark matter by cosmic rays opens up the intriguing possibility of detecting even light dark matter in conventional direct detection experiments or underground neutrino detectors. The mechanism also significantly enhances sensitivity to models with very large nuclear scattering rates, where the atmosphere and rock overburden efficiently stop standard non-relativistic dark matter particles before they could reach the detector. In this article, we demonstrate that cosmic-ray upscattering essentially closes the window for strongly interacting dark matter in the (sub-)GeV mass range. Arriving at this conclusion crucially requires a detailed treatment of both nuclear form factors and inelastic dark matter-nucleus scattering, as well as including the full momentum-transfer dependence of scattering amplitudes. We illustrate the latter point by considering three generic situations where such a momentum-dependence is particularly relevant, namely for interactions dominated by the exchange of light vector or scalar mediators, respectively, and for dark matter particles of finite size. As a final concrete example, we apply our analysis to a putative hexaquark state, which has been suggested as a viable baryonic dark matter candidate. Once again, we find that the updated constraints derived in this work close a significant part of otherwise unconstrained parameter space.

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Section: Jhep01(2023)123mentioning

confidence: 99%

No room to hide: implications of cosmic-ray upscattering for GeV-scale dark matter

Alvey

Bringmann

Kolešová

2023

J. High Energ. Phys.

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“…Cross sections just above (below) the freeze-in line correspond to millicharges Q χ that overproduce (underproduce) the observed DM relic abundance. For the case of under- Gray regions represent existing constraints from direct detection experiments [25,26,28,31], stellar cooling and supernova 1987A core collapse [61, as well as constraints on elastic DM-electron scatterings from CMB anisotropies [73].…”

Section: Tfi [Mev]mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experimentally, freeze-in DM sets an important cosmological benchmark for direct detection experiments searching for evidence of DM interactions via electronic recoils [8,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. Typical WIMP-motivated nuclearrecoil experiments lose sensitivity for DM masses below O(GeV), while electronic-recoil experiments can currently probe DM masses down to O(MeV).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(3) versus millicharged DM mass. Gray regions represent existing constraints from direct detection experiments[25,26,28,31], stellar cooling and supernova 1987A core collapse [61, as well as constraints on elastic DM-electron scatterings from CMB anisotropies[73]. The orange region is excluded by this work using the Planck 2018 95% CL upper limit on totally correlated DM isocurvature perturbations[52].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Dark matter freeze-in produces large post-inflationary isocurvature

Bellomo¹,

Berghaus²,

Boddy³

2022

Preprint

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“…Various experimental constraints have been published on weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) dark matter for masses above 10 GeV/c 2 with no success in finding the particle nature of dark matter [4][5][6][7]. Most of these searches are based on direct detection techniques [8] in which dark matter elastically scatters off the atomic nucleus. The resulting nuclear recoil produces various forms of signals such as phonons, ionization, light etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large-mass, low-threshold sapphire detector for rare event searches

Verma¹,

Maludze²,

Lee³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Low mass nuclear recoil dark matter and coherent-elastic-neutrino-nucleus-scattering (CEνNS) searches confront similar challenges in choosing ultra low threshold and large-mass detectors. We report experimental results from the first-of-its-kind 100 g single-crystal sapphire detector design with diameter of 76 mm and thickness of 4 mm. The detector is designed to be sensitive for low-energy rare interactions with an intention to investigate the low mass region of dark matter phase-space and search for CEνNS at the reactor site. Sapphire is a crystal of aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) and has been found to be a good candidate for light mass spin-dependent dark matter search experiments due to its lower atomic mass compared to other detector materials such as germanium and silicon. Using the data collected from the test facility at Texas A&M University, we were able to resolve low energy lines from calibration sources and estimated that our newly developed sapphire detector has a baseline recoil energy resolution of 18 eV. These detectors are operated at 0 V with the phonon-assisted detection providing a quenching-free lowthreshold operation.

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Snowmass2021 Cosmic Frontier: The landscape of low-threshold dark matter direct detection in the next decade

Cited by 22 publications

References 116 publications

No room to hide: implications of cosmic-ray upscattering for GeV-scale dark matter

No room to hide: implications of cosmic-ray upscattering for GeV-scale dark matter

Dark matter freeze-in produces large post-inflationary isocurvature

Large-mass, low-threshold sapphire detector for rare event searches

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