Snowmelt transport of neonicotinoid insecticides to Canadian Prairie wetlands

Main, Anson R.; Michel, Nicole L.; Cavallaro, Michael C.; Headley, John V.; Peru, Kerry M.; Morrissey, Christy A.

doi:10.1016/j.agee.2015.09.011

Cited by 62 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 41 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Together, clothianidin and thiamethoxam are now the most heavily applied neonicotinoid active ingredients in both North America and the United Kingdom, but concerns remain regarding their prolonged environmental persistence in soil and their high water solubility, which may lead to adverse affects on aquatic biota . Furthermore, recent studies have identified ecological and abiotic variables, such as the presence/absence of specific plant species and communities , or runoff of spring snow melt water , as factors that may extend neonicotinoid exposure to aquatic organisms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative chronic toxicity of imidacloprid, clothianidin, and thiamethoxam to Chironomus dilutus and estimation of toxic equivalency factors

Cavallaro

Morrissey²,

Headley

et al. 2016

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

Self Cite

113

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nontarget aquatic insects are susceptible to chronic neonicotinoid insecticide exposure during the early stages of development from repeated runoff events and prolonged persistence of these chemicals. Investigations on the chronic toxicity of neonicotinoids to aquatic invertebrates have been limited to a few species and under different laboratory conditions that often preclude direct comparisons of the relative toxicity of different compounds. In the present study, full life-cycle toxicity tests using Chironomus dilutus were performed to compare the toxicity of 3 commonly used neonicotinoids: imidacloprid, clothianidin, and thiamethoxam. Test conditions followed a static-renewal exposure protocol in which lethal and sublethal endpoints were assessed on days 14 and 40. Reduced emergence success, advanced emergence timing, and male-biased sex ratios were sensitive responses to low-level neonicotinoid exposure. The 14-d median lethal concentrations for imidacloprid, clothianidin, and thiamethoxam were 1.52 μg/L, 2.41 μg/L, and 23.60 μg/L, respectively. The 40-d median effect concentrations (emergence) for imidacloprid, clothianidin, and thiamethoxam were 0.39 μg/L, 0.28 μg/L, and 4.13 μg/L, respectively. Toxic equivalence relative to imidacloprid was estimated through a 3-point response average of equivalencies calculated at 20%, 50%, and 90% lethal and effect concentrations. Relative to imidacloprid (toxic equivalency factor [TEF] = 1.0), chronic (lethality) 14-d TEFs for clothianidin and thiamethoxam were 1.05 and 0.14, respectively, and chronic (emergence inhibition) 40-d TEFs were 1.62 and 0.11, respectively. These population-relevant endpoints and TEFs suggest that imidacloprid and clothianidin exert comparable chronic toxicity to C. dilutus, whereas thiamethoxam induced comparable effects only at concentrations an order of magnitude higher. However, the authors caution that under field conditions, thiamethoxam readily degrades to clothianidin, thereby likely enhancing toxicity. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:372-382. © 2016 SETAC.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative chronic toxicity of imidacloprid, clothianidin, and thiamethoxam to Chironomus dilutus and estimation of toxic equivalency factors

Cavallaro

Morrissey²,

Headley

et al. 2016

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

Self Cite

113

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Main et al (2016) analysed snow, spring meltwater, particulate matter and wetland water from 16 wetland sites adjacent to agricultural fields that had been used to grow either oilseed rape (canola, treated with neonicotinoids) or oats (not treated). They found that all meltwater samples were contaminated with clothianidin and thiamethoxam in the range of 0.014–0.633 μg/L (1 μg/l = 1 ppb).…”

Section: Evidence For Exposure To Neonicotinoid Pesticidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The environmental risks of neonicotinoid pesticides: a review of the evidence post 2013

Wood

Goulson

2017

Environ Sci Pollut Res

469

237

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Neonicotinoid pesticides were first introduced in the mid-1990s, and since then, their use has grown rapidly. They are now the most widely used class of insecticides in the world, with the majority of applications coming from seed dressings. Neonicotinoids are water-soluble, and so can be taken up by a developing plant and can be found inside vascular tissues and foliage, providing protection against herbivorous insects. However, only approximately 5% of the neonicotinoid active ingredient is taken up by crop plants and most instead disperses into the wider environment. Since the mid-2000s, several studies raised concerns that neonicotinoids may be having a negative effect on non-target organisms, in particular on honeybees and bumblebees. In response to these studies, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) was commissioned to produce risk assessments for the use of clothianidin, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam and their impact on bees. These risk assessments concluded that the use of these compounds on certain flowering crops poses a high risk to bees. On the basis of these findings, the European Union adopted a partial ban on these substances in May 2013. The purpose of the present paper is to collate and summarise scientific evidence published since 2013 that investigates the impact of neonicotinoids on non-target organisms. Whilst much of the recent work has focused on the impact of neonicotinoids on bees, a growing body of evidence demonstrates that persistent, low levels of neonicotinoids can have negative impacts on a wide range of free-living organisms.

show abstract

“…The aquatic environment is at particular risk of neonicotinoid contamination because neonicotinoids are highly water soluble, and are entering surface waters through runoff and leaching (Starner and Goh 2012;Main et al 2016). Amphibians are nontarget organisms particularly vulnerable to exposure because they use aquatic ecosystems for development, growth, and reproduction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of neonicotinoids on putative escape behavior of juvenile wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus) chronically exposed as tadpoles

Lee-Jenkins

Robinson

2018

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Neonicotinoids are water‐soluble neurotoxic insecticides widely used in agriculture that are being detected in nontarget aquatic environments. Nontarget aquatic wildlife, such as amphibians, may be at risk of exposure. Studies using larval stages suggest neonicotinoids are a minor concern to amphibians; however, behavioral effects manifesting later in life are not often considered. Behavioral endpoints could further our understanding of potential sublethal neurotoxic effects after exposure has ended. Using juvenile wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus), we investigated the effects of chronic larval exposure to 3 concentrations (1, 10, and 100 μg/L) of formulations containing imidacloprid or thiamethoxam on the putative escape response to a simulated heron attack. We found that control frogs actively responded (i.e., moved or jumped) to the simulated predator attack but frogs exposed to imidacloprid at 10 and 100 μg/L were less likely to respond. The exposed frogs, specifically from the imidacloprid treatment at 10 μg/L (tendency at 100 μg/L) were less likely to leave the attack area compared with controls. However, frogs used refuge similarly among all treatments. Finally, there were no differences in locomotor performance, as measured by total number of jumps and distance traveled during a trial among treatments. In conclusion, our study suggests that exposure to neonicotinoids during amphibian larval development may affect a juvenile frog's ability to perceive or respond to a predator, potentially increasing their vulnerability to predation. Future studies should validate and explore this potential effect further. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:3115–3123. © 2018 Crown in the right of Canada. Published by Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC.

show abstract

Snowmelt transport of neonicotinoid insecticides to Canadian Prairie wetlands

Cited by 62 publications

References 41 publications

Comparative chronic toxicity of imidacloprid, clothianidin, and thiamethoxam to Chironomus dilutus and estimation of toxic equivalency factors

Comparative chronic toxicity of imidacloprid, clothianidin, and thiamethoxam to Chironomus dilutus and estimation of toxic equivalency factors

The environmental risks of neonicotinoid pesticides: a review of the evidence post 2013

Effects of neonicotinoids on putative escape behavior of juvenile wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus) chronically exposed as tadpoles

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About