SnRK1 inhibits anthocyanin biosynthesis through both transcriptional regulation and direct phosphorylation and dissociation of the MYB/bHLH/TTG1 MBW complex

Broucke, Ellen; Dang, Tuong Vi T.; Li, Yi; Hulsmans, Sander; Leene, Jelle Van; Jaeger, Geert De; Hwang, Ildoo; Ende, Wim Van den; Rolland, Filip

doi:10.1101/2022.11.21.517319

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…We recently demonstrated the connection between photosynthesis, carbon fixation, cellular sugar contents, and activation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in HL (Zirngibl et al., 2023). In the current model, the accumulation of Tre6P under HL suppresses SnRK1 activity, thereby permitting anthocyanin accumulation (Broucke et al., 2022; Zirngibl et al., 2023). Tre6P and other sugar‐phosphates were identified as a repressor of SnRK1 activity and the upstream SnRK1 activating kinases (Baena‐Gonzalez & Lunn, 2020; Nunes et al., 2013; Zhai et al., 2018; Zhang et al., 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Spliceosomal complex components are critical for adjusting the C:N balance during high‐light acclimation

Araguirang,

Venn,

Kelber

et al. 2024

The Plant Journal

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SUMMARYPlant acclimation to an ever‐changing environment is decisive for growth, reproduction, and survival. Light availability limits biomass production on both ends of the intensity spectrum. Therefore, the adjustment of plant metabolism is central to high‐light (HL) acclimation, and the accumulation of photoprotective anthocyanins is commonly observed. However, mechanisms and factors regulating the HL acclimation response are less clear. Two Arabidopsis mutants of spliceosome components exhibiting a pronounced anthocyanin overaccumulation in HL were isolated from a forward genetic screen for new factors crucial for plant acclimation. Time‐resolved physiological, transcriptome, and metabolome analysis revealed a vital function of the spliceosome components for rapidly adjusting gene expression and metabolism. Deficiency of INCREASED LEVEL OF POLYPLOIDY1 (ILP1), NTC‐RELATED PROTEIN1 (NTR1), and PLEIOTROPIC REGULATORY LOCUS1 (PRL1) resulted in a marked overaccumulation of carbohydrates and strongly diminished amino acid biosynthesis in HL. While not generally limited in N‐assimilation, ilp1, ntr1, and prl1 showed higher glutamate levels and reduced amino acid biosynthesis in HL. The comprehensive analysis reveals a function of the spliceosome components in the conditional regulation of the carbon:nitrogen balance and the accumulation of anthocyanins during HL acclimation. The importance of gene expression, metabolic regulation, and re‐direction of carbon towards anthocyanin biosynthesis for HL acclimation are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Spliceosomal complex components are critical for adjusting the C:N balance during high‐light acclimation

Araguirang,

Venn,

Kelber

et al. 2024

The Plant Journal

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“…The transcriptional MBW complex (named after the TF families MYB, bHLH and WD40) activates the expression of several structural anthocyanin genes (Gonzalez et al ., 2008; Tsay et al ., 2011). This MBW‐complex activity can be repressed by the SNF1‐related protein kinase 1 (SnRK1), which also dissociates the MBW complex (Broucke et al ., 2022). SNF1‐related protein kinase 1 is known as a key mediator of energy signalling (Wurzinger et al ., 2018), and it is suggested that this is a crucial strategy as anthocyanin biosynthesis is energy and carbon expensive, and its tight regulation is needed to redistribute energy and carbon flow to more essential survival responses under extreme stress.…”

Section: Anthocyanins As Indicators Of Nutrient Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why do plants blush when they are hungry?

et al. 2023

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Summary Foliar anthocyanins, as well as other secondary metabolites, accumulate transiently under nutritional stress. A misconception that only nitrogen or phosphorus deficiency induces leaf purpling/reddening has led to overuse of fertilizers that burden the environment. Here, we emphasize that several other nutritional imbalances induce anthocyanin accumulation, and nutrient‐specific differences in this response have been reported for some deficiencies. A range of ecophysiological functions have been attributed to anthocyanins. We discuss the proposed functions and signalling pathways that elicit anthocyanin synthesis in nutrient‐stressed leaves. Knowledge from the fields of genetics, molecular biology, ecophysiology and plant nutrition is combined to deduce how and why anthocyanins accumulate under nutritional stress. Future research to fully understand the mechanisms and nuances of foliar anthocyanin accumulation in nutrient‐stressed crops could be utilized to allow these leaf pigments to act as bioindicators for demand‐oriented application of fertilizers. This would benefit the environment, being timely due to the increasing impact of the climate crisis on crop performance.

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“…provide a stable platform for MYB and bHLH proteins to form a MBW complex [39]. In addition to MBW, other transcription factor families have also been shown to play a role in flavonoid biosynthesis in higher plants, such as bZIP, NAC, and WRKY [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated transcriptome and metabolome analysis reveals anthocyanin biosynthesis mechanisms in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) leaves under continuous blue light irradiation

Zhou,

Wu,

Sun

et al. 2024

BMC Plant Biol

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Background Different metabolic compounds give pepper leaves and fruits their diverse colors. Anthocyanin accumulation is the main cause of the purple color of pepper leaves. The light environment is a critical factor affecting anthocyanin biosynthesis. It is essential that we understand how to use light to regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in plants. Result Pepper leaves were significantly blue–purple only in continuous blue light or white light (with a blue light component) irradiation treatments, and the anthocyanin content of pepper leaves increased significantly after continuous blue light irradiation. This green-to-purple phenotype change in pepper leaves was due to the expression of different genes. We found that the anthocyanin synthesis precursor-related genes PAL and 4CL, as well as the structural genes F3H, DFR, ANS, BZ1, and F3’5’H in the anthocyanin synthesis pathway, had high expression under continuous blue light irradiation. Similarly, the expression of transcription factors MYB1R1-like, MYB48, MYB4-like isoform X1, bHLH143-like, and bHLH92-like isoform X3, and circadian rhythm-related genes LHY and COP1, were significantly increased after continuous blue light irradiation. A correlation network analysis revealed that these transcription factors and circadian rhythm-related genes were positively correlated with structural genes in the anthocyanin synthesis pathway. Metabolomic analysis showed that delphinidin-3-O-glucoside and delphinidin-3-O-rutinoside were significantly higher under continuous blue light irradiation relative to other light treatments. We selected 12 genes involved in anthocyanin synthesis in pepper leaves for qRT-PCR analysis, and the accuracy of the RNA-seq results was confirmed. Conclusions In this study, we found that blue light and 24-hour irradiation together induced the expression of key genes and the accumulation of metabolites in the anthocyanin synthesis pathway, thus promoting anthocyanin biosynthesis in pepper leaves. These results provide a basis for future study of the mechanisms of light quality and photoperiod in anthocyanin synthesis and metabolism, and our study may serve as a valuable reference for screening light ratios that regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in plants.

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SnRK1 inhibits anthocyanin biosynthesis through both transcriptional regulation and direct phosphorylation and dissociation of the MYB/bHLH/TTG1 MBW complex

Cited by 5 publications

References 98 publications

Spliceosomal complex components are critical for adjusting the C:N balance during high‐light acclimation

Spliceosomal complex components are critical for adjusting the C:N balance during high‐light acclimation

Why do plants blush when they are hungry?

Integrated transcriptome and metabolome analysis reveals anthocyanin biosynthesis mechanisms in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) leaves under continuous blue light irradiation

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