SO2–CO2 and pure CO2 reactivity of ferroan carbonates at carbon storage conditions

Pearce, Jon; Law, Alison C.K.; Dawson, G. K. W.; Golding, Suzanne D.

doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2015.07.001

Cited by 29 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…10), indicating subsequent incorporation into the precipitated minerals observed via SEM. The subsequent precipitation of minerals including oxides, clays and sulphates is consistent with other experimental studies especially those including impurity gases SO 2 and O 2 in the injected gas stream (while some have also reported siderite precipitation) (Garcia et al, 2012;Palandri and Kharaka, 2005;Pearce et al, 2016b;Pearce et al, 2015a;Pearce et al, 2015b;Renard et al, 2014;Shao et al, 2014;Wilke et al, 2012). Several geochemical modelling studies have also predicted mineral precipitation over longer time scales with or without impurity gases including Ca-sulphate mineral precipitation and cap-rock self-sealing (Gaus et al, 2005;Gherardi et al, 2007;Tian et al, 2014;Xu et al, 2007).…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Co-injecting impurities with the CO 2 in geological storage has been suggested to reduce the cost of CO 2 capture by avoiding installing deSOx and deNOx technology (Glezakou et al, 2012). Several authors have shown that dissolved SO 2 , O 2 and NOx are more reactive than CO 2 to rock through the formation of strong sulphuric and nitric acids Knauss et al, 2005;Palandri and Kharaka, 2005;Pearce et al, 2015a;Pearce et al, 2015b).…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impure CO2 reaction of feldspar, clay, and organic matter rich cap-rocks: Decreases in the fraction of accessible mesopores measured by SANS

Pearce

Dawson

Blach

et al. 2018

International Journal of Coal Geology

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During CO 2 geological storage, low porosity and permeability cap-rock can act as a structural trap, preventing CO 2 vertical migration to overlying fresh water aquifers or the surface. Clay and organic matter rich shales, fine-grained sandstones and mudstones often act as cap-rocks and may contain substantial sub-micron porosity. CO 2 -brine-rock interactions can open or close pore throats through dissolution, precipitation or migration of clay fines or grains. This could affect CO 2 migration if the porosity is accessible, with unchanging or decreasing accessible porosity favourable for trapping and integrity. Two cap-rock core samples, a clay and organic-rich mudstone and a more organic-lean feldspar-rich fine grained sandstone, from a well drilled for a CO 2 storage feasibility study in Australia were experimentally reacted with impure CO 2 (+SO 2 ,O 2 ) and low salinity brine at reservoir conditions. Mercury injection capillary pressure indicated that the majority of pores in both cores had pore throat radii ~ 5 -150 nm with porosities of 5.5 -8.4%. After reaction with impure CO 2brine the measured pore throats decreased in the clay-rich mudstone core. Dissolution and precipitation of carbonate and silicate minerals were observed during impure CO 2 reaction of both cores via changes in water chemistry. Scanning electron microscopy identified macroporosity in clays, mica and amorphous silica cements. After impure CO 2 -brine reaction, precipitation of barite, Fe-oxides, clays and gypsum was observed. Ion leaching from Fe-rich chlorite was also apparent, with clay structural collapse, and fines migration. Small-angle neutron scattering measured the fraction of total and non-accessible pores (~ 10-150 nm radii pores) before and after reaction. The fraction of pores that was accessible in both virgin cap-rocks had a decreasing trend to smaller pore size. The clay-rich cap-rock had a higher fraction of accessible pores (~0.9) at the smallest SANS measured pore size, than the feldspar rich fine-grained sandstone (~0.75). Both core samples showed a decrease in SANS accessible pores after impure CO 2 -water reaction at CO 2 storage conditions. The clay-rich cap-rock showed a more pronounced decrease. After impure CO 2 -brine reaction the fraction of accessible pores at the smallest pore size was ~0.85 in the clay-rich cap-rock ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P Tand ~0.75 in the feldspar-rich fine-grained sandstone. Reactions during impure CO 2 -brine-rock reaction have the potential to close cap-rock pores, which is favourable for CO 2 storage integrity.

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Section: Accepted Manuscriptsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impure CO2 reaction of feldspar, clay, and organic matter rich cap-rocks: Decreases in the fraction of accessible mesopores measured by SANS

Pearce

Dawson

Blach

et al. 2018

International Journal of Coal Geology

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“…Besides that, other important differences detected are the effluent pH and the ion migration phenomena. In regards the pH value, for the pure C02 injection tests the effluent pH was in the range of7-8 but ifimpure C02 was injected, the pH obtained was in the range of 1-2 (Pearce et al, 2015). Regarding the second effect with the mixture ofC0 2 and S02' chemical modifications were detected, being mainlybased on the modification ofMg2+ and S042-due to migration phenomena praduced by the acidification previouslyexplained.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Short-term effects of impurities in the CO 2 stream injected into fractured carbonates

Dios

Delgado

Marín

et al. 2016

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

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After the Paris Agreement in which 195 countries are involved, the Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is now an accepted technology in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). In Spain, Fundación Ciudad de la Energía (ClUDEN) has successfully completed the full CCS chain, being C02 captured in the Technology Development Centre in Cubillos del Sil (León, Spain) whereas that it is geologically stored in a deep saline aquifer, formed by fractured carbonates with poor matrix porasity, located in the Technology Development Plant (TDP) at Hontomín (Burgos, Spain).The results of the field tests, in which up to 150t of CO 2 and synthetic air (5%v of N 2 and O 2 ) were co-injected on site, are analyzed in this paper comparing the operational parameters gained during the injection of impure CO 2 (pressures, temperatures and flow ranges) with its corresponding baseline previously determined (Le. 1500tons of pure C02 were injected during the reservoir hydraulic characterization). Besides that, the geochemical reactivity analysis of impure C02 injected in this saline aquifer and its correlation with the results fram laboratory tests were assessed.As main conclusions fram laboratory scale results, a porasity diminution was measured after the injection of CO 2 with 5%v of S02; apart fram that, without S02, the effluent pH was in the range of 7-8 whereas in case of CO 2 and S02, a pH of 1-2 was obtained. Otherwise and focused on field scale tests, a density decrease was detected comparing the base case (pure CO 2 ) with the CO 2 injection containing 5.1%v of synthetic air. On the other hand, Ca 2 +, S04 2 -, Mg2+ and K+ migration effects in the rack were also detected and analyzed. ObjectiveThe main objective was to carry out field scale injection tests of C02 and synthetic air (i.e. 02 and N2) into fractured carbonates with poor primary porosity and transmissivity through the fracture network, to identify and assess the impacts ofthese impurities Abbreviations: BHP, bottom-hole pressure; BOP, balance of plant; CCS, carbon capture and storage; ClUDEN, Fundation Ciudad de la Energía; DOT, pressure vessel used to store fluids at aboye atmospheric pressure, the acronym is department oftransport; DTS, distributed temperature sensing; ERT, electrical tomography system; Fm, formation; FIlR, Fourier Transform lnfrared (analyzer); HA well, Hontomín observation (or auscultation) well; Hl well, Hontomín injection well; lEA, lnternational Energy Agency; I&C, instrumentation and control; LoT, leak-off-test (pressure); PFD, process flow diagram; TDP, Technology Development Plant; WHP, well-head pressure. * Corresponding author.E-mail addresses:jc.dedios@ciuden.es.jcdediosgonzalez@gmail.com U.e. de Dios).in the short-term stability of C02 storage and their inf!uences on site operation. Laboratory scale test campaign was previously conducted in order to study the chemical interactions between impure C02/brine and carbonates reservoir.

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“…A Teflon liner was used to prevent corrosion of the reactor. The cellulose dialysis membrane allows diffusion of aqueous ions between the inner and outer solutions across the membrane but confines solid samples to the inside of the dialysis tube, thereby eliminating the loss of solid particles during fluid sampling [25,26].…”

Section: Experiments and Analyticalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of SO₂ on Alteration of Reservoir Rock with Ca-Deficient Conditions and Poor Buffering Capacity under a CO₂ Geologic Storage Condition

et al. 2018

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The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of SO 2 -CO 2 -water-rock interaction on the alteration of a reservoir rock having Ca-deficient conditions and little buffering capacity and its implication for porosity change near the injection well from a CO 2 storage pilot site, Republic of Korea. For our study, three cases of experimental and geochemical modeling were carried out (pure CO 2 , 0.1% SO 2 in CO 2 , and 1% SO 2 in CO 2 , resp.) under realistic geologic storage conditions. Our results show that SO 2 accelerated waterrock interactions by lowering the pH. In the 1% SO 2 case, pH remained less than 2 during the experiments because of insufficient buffering capacity. Sulfate minerals were not precipitated because of an insufficient supply of Ca. Because the total volume of precipitated secondary minerals was less than that of the dissolved primary minerals, the porosity of rock increased in all cases. Chlorite largely contributed to the decrease in total rock volume although it formed only 4.8 wt.% of the rock. Our study shows that the coinjection of a certain amount of SO 2 at CO 2 storage reservoirs without carbonate and Ca-rich minerals can significantly increase the porosity by enhancing water-rock interactions. This procedure can be beneficial to CO 2 injection under some conditions.

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SO2–CO2 and pure CO2 reactivity of ferroan carbonates at carbon storage conditions

Cited by 29 publications

References 38 publications

Impure CO2 reaction of feldspar, clay, and organic matter rich cap-rocks: Decreases in the fraction of accessible mesopores measured by SANS

Impure CO2 reaction of feldspar, clay, and organic matter rich cap-rocks: Decreases in the fraction of accessible mesopores measured by SANS

Short-term effects of impurities in the CO 2 stream injected into fractured carbonates

Impact of SO₂ on Alteration of Reservoir Rock with Ca-Deficient Conditions and Poor Buffering Capacity under a CO₂ Geologic Storage Condition

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SO2–CO2 and pure CO2 reactivity of ferroan carbonates at carbon storage conditions

Cited by 29 publications

References 38 publications

Impure CO2 reaction of feldspar, clay, and organic matter rich cap-rocks: Decreases in the fraction of accessible mesopores measured by SANS

Impure CO2 reaction of feldspar, clay, and organic matter rich cap-rocks: Decreases in the fraction of accessible mesopores measured by SANS

Short-term effects of impurities in the CO 2 stream injected into fractured carbonates

Impact of SO2 on Alteration of Reservoir Rock with Ca-Deficient Conditions and Poor Buffering Capacity under a CO2 Geologic Storage Condition

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Impact of SO₂ on Alteration of Reservoir Rock with Ca-Deficient Conditions and Poor Buffering Capacity under a CO₂ Geologic Storage Condition