Soaking and formation of tetrabasic lead sulfate

Grugeon-Dewaele, S.; Leriche, Jean‐Bernard; Tarascon, J. M.; Delahaye‐Vidal, A.; Torcheux, L.; Vaurijoux, J.P.; Henn, F.; Guibert, A. de

doi:10.1016/s0378-7753(96)02505-0

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The resulting functions of poreradius distribution for the 3BS and 4BS pastes show that they have well-defined peaks determining average pore radius 2000 and 5700Å, respectively. The findings agree with the results of [2,3,8].…”

Section: Synthesis Of Basic Lead Sulphates and Monopaste Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…In this case, however, the life of batteries with AM 3BS was very short. The AM 4BS batteries had lower electrical characteristics than series batteries, but their life was 1.8 or 2.0 times longer [3,16,17]. These patterns are related to structural features of active materials.…”

Section: Electrical and Life Characteristics Of Test Active Materialsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…At the time when formation starts the pastes consist of basic lead sulphates: 3PbO·PbSO 4 ·H 2 O (3BS), PbO·PbSO 4 (1BS); PbSO 4 ; lead monoxides (PbO) and metallic lead [1]. 4PbO·PbSO 4 (4BS) formation is also possible under certain conditions [2][3][4]. Thus, the active material characteristics will be determined largely by the ratio of constituents in paste, and it is very important to understand the effect of every constituent on the energy and strength characteristics of the active material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimization of electrode paste composition and structure for improving energy and life characteristics of active materials for lead batteries

Kamenev¹

2006

Journal of Power Sources

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Section: Synthesis Of Basic Lead Sulphates and Monopaste Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Electrical and Life Characteristics Of Test Active Materialsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimization of electrode paste composition and structure for improving energy and life characteristics of active materials for lead batteries

Kamenev¹

2006

Journal of Power Sources

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“…''6 The literature is consistent in that 4BS converts metasomatically into [14][15][16] This means that the 4B5 -' Pb02 transformation is characterized by a textural memory effect: the PbO, agglomerates retain the shape of the starting needle 4BS crystals. In contrast, the 3B5 -PbO, reaction mechanism is not clear, although attempts have been made to describe the reaction progression inside the plates.86"'1 In fact, most of the reported studies give textural information only from industrial plates where complex mixtures are involved, thereby making the characterization of the 4BS, 3BS, and Pb09 materials difficult.…”

Section: Materials Pb02mentioning

confidence: 96%

Optimization of the Positive Active Material Capacity in Lead‐Acid Cells Through Control of the Basic Lead Sulfate Precursor

Grugeon-Dewaele

Laruelle

Torcheux³

et al. 1998

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The mechanisms for the 3PbOPbSO4H0O (denoted 3B5) -* PbO, and 4PbOPbSO4 (denoted 4BS) -Pb02 transformations were studied from well-defined, pure samples formed in a laboratory cycling test cell. The oxidation reactions were observed using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). No structural memory effect was found between 3BS and Pb02 since the 3BS -Pb02 reaction occurred through a dissolution recrystallization process. In contrast, textural relationships between needle-shaped 4BS and Pb02 were evidenced by SEM analyses. Indeed, 4BS was found to transform into PbSO4, which in turn transformed into PbO., while retaining the needle shape as long the reaction proceeded. The thickness of the Pb09 needle crust surrounding the 4BS needle core was found to depend on both the temperature and soaking duration. A model predicting a decrease in the capacity with the increase in the needle thickness, as a consequence of the inactive 4BS presence inside the needles, is proposed. The ability to prepare samples of controlled morphology revealed a decrease in capacity with the increase in the needle thickness, thereby confirming the model prediction. But more importantly, we showed that a 20-25% increase in the positive electrode efficiency could be achieved by reducing the thickness of the usual 4B5 cured industrial samples from 10-15 to 3-4 m.

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“…During this process, the precursor material of battery (formed mainly by basic lead oxide and sulfate paste, which is adhered to the grid) is transformed into active material by the passage of electric current. The battery formation step is critical for it works in accordance with what has been dimensioned in its production process (ZENG et al 2015;GOU et al 2014;GRUGEON-DEWAELE et al 1997;CHEN et al 1996;PROUT, 1993).…”

Section: Independent Journal Of Management and Production (Ijmandp)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Automation benefits in the formation process of lead-acid batteries

Zanconato¹,

Rossi

Johansen

et al. 2017

Ind. Jour. Manag. & prod.

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In this work, the automated formation process of lead-acid battery and its industrial positive impact on the battery efficiency are evaluated toward the manual process. The problems in the lead-acid batteries formation are related to the α-PbO2 and β-PbO2 production during the first electric charge. The lead-acid battery formation problems frequently occur when electrical current sources with manual control are used. The main drawback of the manual method is addressed to the electric current interruptions between the plates during the battery charging. Thus, the lead oxides phases in the plates were used as parameter to correlate the chemical composition to the failure on the batteries formation process. X-ray powder diffraction technique was used to identify the lead phases. br v. 8, n. 1, January -March 2017 ISSN: 2236 The results showed that the use of automated electric power supply has higher efficiency than the manual one. The benefits of automation include the increased productivity, reduction on the production costs, and lower consumption of natural resources. 92 INDEPENDENT JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT & PRODUCTION (IJM&P)http://www.ijmp.jor.

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Soaking and formation of tetrabasic lead sulfate

Cited by 17 publications

References 11 publications

Optimization of electrode paste composition and structure for improving energy and life characteristics of active materials for lead batteries

Optimization of electrode paste composition and structure for improving energy and life characteristics of active materials for lead batteries

Optimization of the Positive Active Material Capacity in Lead‐Acid Cells Through Control of the Basic Lead Sulfate Precursor

Automation benefits in the formation process of lead-acid batteries

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