Sobre la secuencia cronoestratigráfica de los castros asturianos(siglos VIII a.C. - II d.C.)

Valdés, Ángel Villa

doi:10.3989/tp.2002.v59.i2.203

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The first iron objects were found in northern Spain during the Late Iron Age, starting from ca. 2,450 cal BP (Camino Mayor, 2002;Villa Valdés, 2002), but the first iron mining activities were recorded during the Early Roman Empire period (Marín Suárez, 2011). Iron deposits were very common in northern Spain, and hence settlements were never too distant from them, facilitating their exploitation (Marín Suárez, 2011).…”

Section: Er C: Urbanizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying major phases in the use of land, energy and changing landscapes by agrarian societies (7,000 cal BP-Present) in Cantabrian Spain, based on cultural changes and anthropogenic signals

Martinez,

Zapolska,

Arthur

et al. 2024

Front. Environ. Archaeol.

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IntroductionEnacting transitions toward more sustainable management and use of land, energy, and natural resources poses multiple challenges for human societies. Such transitions have been a constant throughout human history and therefore there is a need to learn from them and apply that knowledge to current land-use policies and management. Significant human impact on landscape and environment in Cantabrian Spain has been documented in alignment with the Neolithization (ca. 7,000 cal BP). While the classic approach of identifying cultural phases based on historical and archaeological data has been extensively studied, much less is understood on how such phases are dependent upon increasing anthropogenic influence on the environment.MethodsCantabrian Spain is well-known for its long mining history. Key processes historically shaping landscapes in the region include the implementation of mining/metallurgy industries and extraction of forest resources. These historical processes were characterized, respectively using heavy metal pollution contents (Hg, Zn, Cd, As, Ni, REE, Pb, and 206 Pb/207 Pb) and total arboreal pollen percentages in peat bogs, providing global trends of human impact on the environment. These trends were then compared to climate (temperature and precipitation) and natural vegetation evolution modeling through time.ResultsResults show seven phases of major human impact on the environment: (1) the Copper phase ca. 4,400–4,100 cal BP, (2) the Middle Bronze phase ca. 3,500–3,150 cal BP, (3) the Iron phase ca. 2,800–2,500 cal BP, (4) the Roman phase ca. 2,200–1,750 cal BP, (5) the Medieval phase ca. 1,250–1,000 cal BP, (6) the Colonial phase ca. 650–400 cal BP, and (7) the Industrial phase ca. 150 cal BP-Present.DiscussionFour phases are tightly related to substantial changes in land use and subsistence strategies: (1) Production, with the appearance of productive economies during the Neolithic, (2) Specialization, with the appearance of specialized activities and trade during the Middle Bronze phase, (3) Urbanization, with the first urban centers during the Roman phase, and (4) Globalization, with worldwide colonialism and capitalism economies during the Colonial phase.

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Section: Er C: Urbanizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying major phases in the use of land, energy and changing landscapes by agrarian societies (7,000 cal BP-Present) in Cantabrian Spain, based on cultural changes and anthropogenic signals

Martinez,

Zapolska,

Arthur

et al. 2024

Front. Environ. Archaeol.

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“…Incongruentes tales hechos con el abandono paulatino del caserío, germina la idea justificada de la ruptura violenta del equilibrio, del terremoto devastador, argumento en absoluto extravagante en una comarca con una acreditada actividad sísmica." [...] 2002y Cuervo Álvarez (2015) detallan la arquitectura del poblado antes del suceso, "espacios compartimentados interiormente mediante tabiques de piedra o agrupadas… pavimentos de hormigón y cargas murales" (Villa Valdés, 2002), "Los muros fueron fabricados con mampuestos de talla informe alineados sobre su cara externa y amasados con mortero de cal…está constituido por dos plantas con escalera de piedra...columnas de un granito" (Cuervo Álvarez, 2015).…”

Section: Grandas De Salime (Asturias) úLtimo Cuarto Del Siglo IIunclassified

Revisión y ampliación del catálogo sísmico del noroeste de la Península Ibérica previo a 1755 y sus implicaciones en la actividad intraplaca

2018

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La base de los estudios de peligrosidad sísmica es disponer de catálogos sísmicos lo más completos posible. En regiones intraplaca, caracterizadas por largos periodos de recurrencia entre terremotos, es esencial obtener un catálogo sísmico con un extenso intervalo temporal. El noroeste de la Península Ibérica (Galicia, Asturias, Cantabria, Castilla y Leon y norte de Portugal) se ha considerado tradicionalmente una zona intraplaca sísmicamente estable, ya que se encuentra alejada de los bordes de placa sísmicamente activos. Sin embargo, crisis sísmicas como las Sarria-Triacastela-Becerreá (Lugo) (1995 y 1997; con eventos de magnitud hasta 5.3) ponen de manisfiesto en esta región un potencial sismogénico de magnitud moderada. En este trabajo se realiza una revisión y ampliación del catálogo sísmico de esta región previo a 1755 (periodo peor documentado del catálogo sísmico), con el objetivo de caracterizar esta sismicidad intraplaca y mejorar la completitud con un nuevo catálogo para el NO peninsular y así poder reconocer si la sismicidad reciente y posterior a 1755 es anómala o si, por el contrario, es característica de esta región. Para ello, se tomó como base el catálogo sísmico oficial español del Instituto Geográfico Nacional (IGN), que es la agencia responsable de la red y alerta sísmica. Se han buscado las fuentes documentales primarias de los terremotos descritos en dicho catálogo, para el margen espacial y temporal considerado, y se han revisado parámetros como la localización, fecha y zonas geográficas afectadas por el terremoto. En este catálogo a los 13 terremotos incluidos por el IGN, se han añadido 10 del catálogo de Ces Fernández (2015) y 4 nuevos, ampliando así el catálogo hasta los 27 terremotos. Tras revisar las fuentes se han modificado: 6 parámetros de fechas, 8 localizaciones y 10 zonas geográficas donde se sintió el sismo. Posteriormente ha sido posible calcular la intensidad de 18 de estos terremotos con dos escalas macrosísmicas (EMS-98 y ESI-07). En este nuevo catálogo las intensidades calculadas se encuentran entre IV y X en EMS-98 y entre VII y XI en la ESI- 07, es decir incluyen eventos de mayor o igual intensidad que los ocurridos después de 1755, que no han sobrepasado la intensidad VI o VII como ocurrió en la crisis de Sarria-Triacastela-Becerreá (Lugo) de 1997. Además, la distribución geográfica de los eventos anteriores a 1755 es similar a los ocurridos posteriormente. Todo ello indicaría que la sismicidad actual y posterior a 1755 no sería una anomalía de la tendencia de la región. En el futuro, para seguir ampliando el catálogo sísmico de esta región, sería necesario integrar estudios multidisciplinares de sismicidad histórica e instrumental y paleosismología, prestando atención a fallas que puedan ser activas, bajo el régimen tectónico actual.

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“…Alhough it has now been accepted that these structures functioned as saunas or baths, debate has continued about whether they were the result of indigenous invention (Almagro-Gorbea & Álvarez-Sanchís 1993; Armada Pita 2001; González-Ruibal 2004; Parcero Oubiña & Cobas Fernández 2004; Silva 2007a), or local copies inspired by Roman bath-houses (Calo Lourido 1993; 1994; Rios González 2000). The idea that these buildings were local attempts to reproduce Roman bath-houses was more credible before the stratigraphic excavation of many of the structures now known; however, since the excavation of the baths at Chao Sanmartín, which have been dated to between the fourth and third centuries bc (Villa Valdés 2002), it has become increasingly clear that the Castro baths pre-date Roman presence in the area. In addition to their earlier appearance, it is evident that the Castro baths served a different function to that of the Roman bath-houses, which were utilized primarily for leisure and social activity (Fagan 2002).…”

Section: Archaeological Perspectives On the Castro Bathsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protection and Purity: Symbolic Functions of the Iron Age Saunas of the Iberian Northwest

Prociuk

2018

CAJ

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Iron Age saunas, unique to the Castro Culture of northwestern Iberia, have puzzled archaeologists since the nineteenth century. Initially interpreted as kilns, crematoriums, or ovens, their function has since been established as bathing structures; however, the social significance of these saunas has yet to be firmly established. This study provides a new approach to understanding the ways in which Castro communities utilized specialized buildings to serve specific needs related to ritual cleansing and protection. Through an analysis of their placement, structure and decoration, I argue that these buildings functioned to purify and protect people of Castro communities from spiritual and physical danger. Members of Castro society inhabited a world buffeted by the shifting political and economic powers of the Iron Age. The bath structures under study, covered in apotropaic symbols, functioned in liminal spaces to cleanse and prepare Castro people for the dangers that awaited them beyond the walls of their communities and neutralized any potential spiritual contamination they may have acquired upon their return.

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Sobre la secuencia cronoestratigráfica de los castros asturianos(siglos VIII a.C. - II d.C.)

Cited by 5 publications

References 1 publication

Identifying major phases in the use of land, energy and changing landscapes by agrarian societies (7,000 cal BP-Present) in Cantabrian Spain, based on cultural changes and anthropogenic signals

Identifying major phases in the use of land, energy and changing landscapes by agrarian societies (7,000 cal BP-Present) in Cantabrian Spain, based on cultural changes and anthropogenic signals

Revisión y ampliación del catálogo sísmico del noroeste de la Península Ibérica previo a 1755 y sus implicaciones en la actividad intraplaca

Protection and Purity: Symbolic Functions of the Iron Age Saunas of the Iberian Northwest

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