Sobrediagnóstico en cáncer

Abstract

ResumenEl sobrediagnóstico del cáncer es la detección de cánceres asintomáticos que no crecen o que están creciendo con tal lentitud que nunca habrían causado problemas médicos en el paciente en el transcurso de su vida. Con frecuencia, son tumores detectados a través de los cribados poblacionales pero también en el contexto clínico por los hallazgos incidentales a partir de las pruebas de imagen con tecnología avanzada. Algunos de estos tumores detectados podrían incluso hasta desaparecer espontáneamente sin tratamiento. El paciente posiblemente morirá a consecuencia de otra enfermedad antes de que el cáncer haya causado síntomas. Por esa razón, el diagnóstico de estos tumores es una causa importante de sobretratamiento, lo que puede incluir riesgos graves y toxicidad. Aunque el sobrediagnóstico puede darse en cualquier enfermedad, es más relevante en el caso del cáncer.

Spontaneous remission of primary papillary thyroid carcinoma: case report

“…In this case, asymptomatic cancers are detected in tumors that are not growing or are growing slowly, but which would never have caused medical problems for the patient during the life. In this case, some of these tumors may spontaneously disappear without treatment 6 . Therefore, the active surveillance of tumor progression is very important before starting any treatment 6 .…”

“…In this case, some of these tumors may spontaneously disappear without treatment 6 . Therefore, the active surveillance of tumor progression is very important before starting any treatment 6 .…”

Trends in incidence and overdiagnosis of thyroid cancer in China, Japan, and South Korea

“…14 Overdiagnosis is defined as the diagnosis of non-progressing or slow-growing cancers that are asymptomatic or not lethal. 20 Previous studies have confirmed the indolent growth pattern of thyroid cancer, 21,22 which grows slowly or not at all, rarely metastasizes, and generally remains undetected. These characteristics are the In Korea, overdiagnosis of thyroid cancer was caused by the initiation in 1999 of a national cancer screening program that offered low-cost thyroid ultrasound services.…”

“…Overdiagnosis is defined as the diagnosis of non‐progressing or slow‐growing cancers that are asymptomatic or not lethal 20 . Previous studies have confirmed the indolent growth pattern of thyroid cancer, 21,22 which grows slowly or not at all, rarely metastasizes, and generally remains undetected.…”

Importanţa supradiagnosticării în medicina de familie. Cum minimalizăm riscurile?

“…Cancerul tiroidian este clasificat în trei tipuri histologice: a) epitelial: carcinoame papilare (80-90% dintre cazuri) şi folicular (10,05%); b) celule parafoliculare: carcinoame medulare (<5%) şi c) carcinoame anaplastice, care sunt tumori nediferenţiate (mai rare şi cu prognostic negativ) (24). Din 1992, Organizaţia Mondială a Sănătăţii a inclus termenul de microcarcinom papilar, pentru a se referi la cancer papilar de mai puţin de 1 cm.…”