Soccer Injuries and Their Relation to Physical Maturity

Backous, Douglas D.; Friedl, Karl E.; Smith, Nathan J.; Parr, Thomas J; Carpine, William D.

doi:10.1001/archpedi.1988.02150080045019

Cited by 81 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This has also been confirmed in the study by Östenberg and Roos [39] analyzing overuse injuries and traumatic injuries of the arms and legs altogether. We analyzed only leg injuries because these injuries have in many studies been shown to represent a high percentage of the total amount of injuries in soccer [1,4,8,15,25,30,33,43]. We also analyzed traumatic and overuse injuries separately due to the different causes of these injuries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for leg injuries in female soccer players: a prospective investigation during one out-door season

Söderman

Alfredson

Pietilä

et al. 2001

Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Art

315

259

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The following possible risk factors for leg injuries in female soccer players were studied: age, anatomical alignment, generalized joint laxity, thigh muscle torque, muscle flexibility, ligamentous laxity of the knee and ankle joints, recent injuries, and duration of soccer exposure. A total of 146 players from 13 teams in the second and third Swedish divisions underwent clinical examination, isokinetic measurements of quadriceps and hamstring torques, and testing of postural sway of the legs. All soccer-related leg injuries resulting in absence from at least one scheduled practice session or game were recorded during one outdoor season (April-October). In 50 players there were 61 traumatic injuries, and 17 players sustained 19 overuse injuries. The overall injury incidence rate (traumatic and overuse) was 5.49/1000 h of soccer. Variables significantly increasing the risk of traumatic leg injuries included generalized joint laxity, low postural sway of the legs, hyperextension of the knee joint, and a low hamstring-to-quadriceps ratio during concentric action. Multivariate logistic regression showed hyperextension of the knee joint, a low postural sway, reduced H/Q ratio during concentric action, and a higher exposure to soccer to significantly increase the risk of traumatic leg injury. All five players who suffered an anterior cruciate ligament injury during the study period had a lower hamstring-to-quadriceps ratio during concentric action on the injured side than on their noninjured side.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for leg injuries in female soccer players: a prospective investigation during one out-door season

Söderman

Alfredson

Pietilä

et al. 2001

Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Art

315

259

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“…The age group which has been affected the most has been the bone of contention among many studies. A study conducted by Backous et al 3 showed that 14e17 years old is the high risk group for sports injury, while de Loes 4 pointed out that 15e19 is the population most likely to experience sports injury. Studies on injuries among Indian school children and study on incidence of popular ball game injuries in Indian pre and post adolescent boys showed that higher the age, more the risk of injuries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sports injury pattern in school going children in Union Territory of Chandigarh

Dorje¹,

Gupta

Goyal

et al. 2014

Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics and Trauma

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a b s t r a c tObjective: To determine incidence of various types of sport injuries and other associated factors, among competitive sports playing school children of Chandigarh.Design: This study is a survey based study, and spanned for a period of one year. School going students in age group 11e18 years of Chandigarh (Union Territory) India, who were in competitive sports, were included for this survey after taking informed consent from concerned school authorities. 33 schools consisting of 36.165 students were analysed in the study, 7230 students were found to participate in 40 different categories of sports.Results: Total of 246 filled questionnaires were analyzed making it an injury frequency of 3.40% among 7230 participating young athletes in 12 months study duration. Estimated incidence rate, considering hours of exposure in practice, came out to be 48.07 injuries per 1000 h of exposure in practice among 246 injured cases. (9/33) had a doctor as health professional, 9.1% (2/33) had a physiotherapist while 66.6% of the schools (22/33) had no health care professional. Conclusion:The incidence of sports injuries in the region is high as compared to the global data. The findings has highlighted the need for a nationwide surveillance system and then taking appropriate measures for future injury prevention and appropriate management.

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“…M usculoskeletal injury risk is reported to increase with age [1][2][3][4] and physical maturation status. 5 In a recent review across sports, adolescents (those older than 13 years) were at a consistently increased risk of injury compared with younger children.…”

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confidence: 99%

Dynamic Valgus Alignment and Functional Strength in Males and Females During Maturation

Schmitz

Shultz

Nguyen

2009

Journal of Athletic Training

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Context: Sex differences in dynamic measures have been established in physically mature populations. Gaining information on maturation's effect on dynamic performance measures implicated in injury risk may enable us to better design injury prevention programs.Objective: To examine sex differences in dynamic valgus alignment and triple-hop distance measures across maturational stages in males and females. A secondary purpose was to determine if a field test of strength and power predicts dynamic valgus alignment.Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Laboratory.Patients or Other Participants: 157 young athletes (78 females, 79 males) aged 9 to 18 years.Intervention(s): Subjects performed drop-jump landings and single-leg triple-hop tests as part of a broader injury screening.Main Outcome Measure(s): Maturational status was ascertained from self-report questionnaires and grouped according to Tanner stages 1 and 2 (MatGrp1), 3 and 4 (MatGrp2), and 5 (MatGrp3). Frontal-plane knee valgus displacement, which served as a measure of dynamic valgus alignment, and single-leg triple-hop distance were assessed.Results: Males demonstrated less dynamic valgus alignment during drop jumps in the latter maturational stages (MatGrp1 5 13.16 6 8.76, MatGrp2 5 9.06 6 6.26, MatGrp3 5 9.26 6 9.46), whereas females increased dynamic valgus alignment throughout maturation (MatGrp1 5 11.56 6 6.96, MatGrp2 5 12.86 6 8.86, MatGrp3 5 15.56 6 8.76). Thus, in the more mature groups, males had less dynamic valgus alignment than females. Both males (MatGrp1 5 N Although both males and females improved their performance in the triple-hop test as they matured, males showed greater improvement.393.5 6 63.7 cm, MatGrp2 5 491.8 6 95.1 cm, MatGrp3 5 559.3 6 76.3 cm) and females (MatGrp1 5 360.3 6 37.1 cm, MatGrp2 5 380.1N The triple-hop test did not predict dynamic valgus alignment by sex or level of maturation.M usculoskeletal injury risk is reported to increase with age 1-4 and physical maturation status. 5 In a recent review across sports, adolescents (those older than 13 years) were at a consistently increased risk of injury compared with younger children. 6 This risk appears to coincide with physical maturation, because Michaud et al 5 reported that Tanner stages 4 and 5 were associated with an increased occurrence of sport injuries. With authors 6 of a comprehensive literature review reporting that adolescents are consistently at an increased risk of injury with respect to a younger population, we need to focus on the maturing youth population to better understand potential relevant risk factors for injury. Specifically, functional performance changes that occur in males and females as part of the maturation process should be considered further, because young females have a greater risk of straining or spraining the knee and ankle than young males. 7

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Soccer Injuries and Their Relation to Physical Maturity

Cited by 81 publications

References 12 publications

Risk factors for leg injuries in female soccer players: a prospective investigation during one out-door season

Risk factors for leg injuries in female soccer players: a prospective investigation during one out-door season

Sports injury pattern in school going children in Union Territory of Chandigarh

Dynamic Valgus Alignment and Functional Strength in Males and Females During Maturation

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