Social adversity during juvenile age but not adulthood increases susceptibility to an immune challenge later in life

Prenatal infection and adolescent social adversity affect microglia, synaptic density, and behavior in male rats

“…Differences in the timing and dose of the maternal infection may explain these differences as these parameters have been shown to critically determine the patterns of behavioral abnormalities displayed in the offspring at adult age ( Meyer et al, 2006 , 2008 ). In contrast to our study, some studies observed that social adversity during adolescence resulted in a reduction in sucrose preference in the SPT, increased anxiety, and reduced social preference ( Buwalda et al, 2013 ; Guerrin et al, 2023 ; Iñiguez et al, 2014 ; Parise et al, 2020 ; Resende et al, 2016 ; Warren et al, 2013 , 2014 ), while others observed no long-lasting effects on these parameters ( Buwalda et al, 2013 ; Mouri et al, 2018 ). One of the differences in the social interaction test between our and other studies is that we measured the willingness of the rat to socially interact, while other studies measured social avoidance by measuring the willingness of the experimental rodent to interact with a rodent by which it was defeated in the RSD protocol.…”

Mitochondria, Mood Lability, And Bone: MtSNPs’ Surprising Relationship To Mental Homeostasis

“…Self-explanatory (Male Sprague-Dawley) [106] (EPM, Male Wistar Rats, Repeated Social Defeat) [77] IL-10 (Antiinflammatory, inhibits MHC) (After accounting for processing time) [47] Lithium | Hippocampus; Frontal Cortex (C57BL/6J mice) [111] Hippocampus (Adult Male Wistar Rats, Repeated Social Defeat) [77] Cortisol/Corticoster one Levels (Early Childhood Trauma) [77] (Male Sprague-Dawley) [106] (Male Wistar Rats, Repeated Social Defeat) [77] Locomotor Activity Self-explanatory (REM Deprivation, Sprague-Dawley Rats) [110] w/maternal PIC (Y maze and OFT, Adult Male Wistar Rats, Repeated Social Defeat) [77] IL-4…”

“…PER Abnormalities [106] Daytime | Per1 | Cry1 | Bmal | CLOCK (Male Sprague-Dawley) [106] Daytime | Cry2 (Male Sprague-Dawley) [106] Presynaptic Markers [74] Maternal PIC; Frontal Cortex (Synaptophysin, Adult Male Wistar Rats, Repeated Social Defeat) [77] Body Mass [47] (Male Wistar Rats, Repeated Social Defeat) [77]…”

Immunobiography and women's health: repercussions from conception to senility

“…The type of stimulus, intensity, and temporal sequence are critical for the type of response generated, such as strong or weak, absent (tolerance or anergy), autoimmune, inflammatory, and memory. The immune responses generated will be unique to each individual and will compose the immunological history or “immunobiography” in the timeline, represented by the sum of all immune experiences that may be experienced throughout life 4 .…”

“…Events during prenatal and neonatal life, as well as the so-called antigenic eco-space to which individuals are exposed from birth to adulthood and into senescence, form the bricks with which immunobiography is constructed 4 .…”