Social and Communication Development in Toddlers With Early and Later Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorders

Landa, Rebecca; Holman, Katherine C.; Garrett‐Mayer, Elizabeth

doi:10.1001/archpsyc.64.7.853

Cited by 496 publications

(434 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…However, comparing these outcomes with studies that report longitudinal trajectories for toddlers with ASD and other treatment studies suggests that the expected developmental trajectory is a worsening of standard scores, as seen on motor composites for both MSEL and VABS. 30,[54][55][56][57][58] Our findings contribute by demonstrating the efficacy of a 9-month lowintensity treatment, which led to increases in social and language skills and some reduction of the expected worsening in developmental trajectory, which may prevent the secondary impact of autism symptoms on intellectual ability.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 57%

Parent-Implemented Social Intervention for Toddlers With Autism: An RCT

et al. 2014

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OBJECTIVES: To compare the effects of two 9-month parent-implemented interventions within the Early Social Interaction (ESI) Project. Both individual-ESI, offered 2 or 3 times per week at home or in the community, and group-ESI, offered once per week in a clinic, taught parents how to embed strategies to support social communication throughout everyday activities. METHODS: Participants in the randomized controlled trial included 82 children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder at 16 to 20 months. Children were matched on pretreatment nonverbal developmental level and pairs were randomly assigned to treatment condition. Child outcomes included measures of social communication, autism symptoms, adaptive behavior, and developmental level. Child outcomes are reported from baseline to the end of the 9-month interventions. RESULTS: Children in individual-ESI showed differential change on a standardized examiner-administered observational measure of social communication, as they improved at a faster rate than children in group-ESI. Individual-ESI also showed differential efficacy on a parent report measure of communication, daily living, and social skills, as they showed improvement or stability, whereas group-ESI led to worsening or no significant change on these skills. Finally, individual-ESI showed differential change on examiner-administered measures of receptive language skills, as children in individual-ESI improved significantly, whereas group-ESI showed no change. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the efficacy of individual-ESI compared with group-ESI on child outcomes, suggesting the importance of individualized parent coaching in natural environments. The efficacy of a parent-implemented intervention using little professional time has potential for community viability, which is particularly important in light of the lack of main effects on child outcomes of most other parent-implemented interventions.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 57%

Parent-Implemented Social Intervention for Toddlers With Autism: An RCT

et al. 2014

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“…25,26,35 The lack of group differentiation at this age does not appear to result from low power, as the group means were very similar and effect sizes were very small. Most convincingly, the effects were in the opposite direction as predicted, with the ASD outcome group demonstrating (nonsignificantly) better social communication behavior at 6 months than the TD outcome group on all variables.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

A Prospective Study of the Emergence of Early Behavioral Signs of Autism

Ozonoff

Iosif

Baguio

et al. 2010

Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psych

575

647

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Objective-To examine prospectively the emergence of behavioral signs of autism in the first years of life in infants at low and high risk for autism.Method-A prospective longitudinal design was used to compare 25 infants later diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with 25 gender-matched low-risk children later determined to have typical development. Participants were evaluated at 6, 12, 18, 24, and 36 months of age.Correspondence to: Dr. Ozonoff, M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California Davis Health System, 2825 50 th Street, Sacramento CA 95817; sally.ozonoff@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu. Disclosure: Drs. Ozonoff, Iosif, Cook, Hutman, Rogers, Rozga, Sigman, Steinfeld, and Young, and Mr. Baguio, Ms. Hill, and Ms. Sangha report no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest.Editorial support for the preparation of this article was provided by Diane Larzelere, UC Davis. NIH Public AccessAuthor Manuscript J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2010 August 17. NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author ManuscriptFrequencies of gaze to faces, social smiles, and directed vocalizations were coded from video and rated by examiners.Results-The frequency of gaze to faces, shared smiles, and vocalizations to others were highly comparable between groups at 6 months of age, but significantly declining trajectories over time were apparent in the group later diagnosed with ASD. Group differences were significant by 12 months of age on most variables. Although repeated evaluation documented loss of skills in most infants with ASD, most parents did not report a regression in their child's development.Conclusions-These results suggest that behavioral signs of autism are not present at birth, as once suggested by Kanner, but emerge over time through a process of diminishment of key social communication behaviors. More children may present with a regressive course than previously thought, but parent report methods do not capture this phenomenon well. Implications for onset classification systems and clinical screening are also discussed. KeywordsAutism; Onset; Infancy; Regression This study examined when and how behavioral signs of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) emerge in the first years of life. Most previous investigations of this topic have been retrospective, relying on parent report of earlier development or analysis of home videotape of infants later diagnosed with ASD. The existing literature suggests that behavioral signs of autism emerge in two different patterns, an early onset and a regressive course.Retrospective studies have demonstrated that children with early-onset ASD differ from agematched children with delayed and typical development in orienting to name, gaze to faces, joint attention, and affect sharing. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Differences are most evident in the second year of life 7 but some studies have detected signs of ASD before the first birthday. 1,5,8 This early onset pattern is thought to occur in the majority of indiv...

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“…Up to 50% may first display a more or less typical development followed by loss of social and communication skills (Landa et al 2007;Luyster et al 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imitation Assessment and Its Utility to the Diagnosis of Autism: Evidence from Consecutive Clinical Preschool Referrals for Suspected Autism

Vanvuchelen

Roeyers

Weerdt

2010

J Autism Dev Disord

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The present study sought to examine imitation difficulties as a risk factor for autism. Imitation aptitude was examined in 86 preschoolers suspected of autism (1.9-4.5 years) using the Preschool Imitation and Praxis Scale (PIPS). Differences between imitation, language, motor age-equivalents and nonverbal mental age were used to predict the diagnosis of autism. Multidisciplinary team diagnoses and ADOS-G classifications were used to differentiate children with autism spectrum disorders and non-spectrum developmental disorders. Two factors were found to be significantly associated with autism using simple logistic regression analyses: procedural imitation delay and receptive language delay. In a multivariable setting, only procedural imitation delay remained a significant predictor of autism. Results are new to the literature and require replications.

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Social and Communication Development in Toddlers With Early and Later Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorders

Cited by 496 publications

References 69 publications

Parent-Implemented Social Intervention for Toddlers With Autism: An RCT

Parent-Implemented Social Intervention for Toddlers With Autism: An RCT

A Prospective Study of the Emergence of Early Behavioral Signs of Autism

Imitation Assessment and Its Utility to the Diagnosis of Autism: Evidence from Consecutive Clinical Preschool Referrals for Suspected Autism

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