Social and non-social gaze cueing in autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and a comorbid group

Seernani, D.; Ioannou, Chara; Damania, K.; Hill, Holger; Foulsham, Tom; Smyrnis, Nikolaos; Biscaldi, Monica; Klein, Christoph

doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2021.108096

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In recent years, there has been increasing suggestion that many social perception di culties traditionally attributed to autism -such as atypical interpretation of facial expressions 30,54 and reduced eye-region xations 47,55 -may actually be products of co-occurring alexithymia. Likewise, there is some suggestion that other socio-cognitive differences attributed to autism -for example, atypical attentional cueing by gaze direction 32 -may be partly attributable to co-occurring ADHD. To date, however, authors have tended to assess the presence of either co-occurring alexithymia or co-occurring ADHD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of this variance might be explained by differences in autism severity 27 . However, performance on face processing tasks may also be affected by differences in non-verbal intelligence 28 and the presence of co-occurring conditions, notably alexithymia 29,30 and attention-de cit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) 31,32 . We therefore took this opportunity to explore which of these factors -if any -predicted face recognition performance in our autistic sample.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Autistic adults have insight into their relative face recognition ability

Gehdu,

Press,

Gray

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The PI20 is a self-report questionnaire that assesses the presence of lifelong face recognition difficulties. The items on this scale ask respondents to assess their face recognition ability relative to the rest of the population, either explicitly or implicitly. Recent reports suggest that the PI20 scores of autistic participants exhibit little or no correlation with their performance on the Cambridge Face Memory Test – a key measure of face recognition ability. These reports are suggestive of a meta-cognitive deficit whereby autistic individuals are unable to infer whether their face recognition is impaired relative to the wider population. In the present study, however, we observed significant correlations between the PI20 scores of 77 autistic adults and their performance on two variants of the Cambridge Face Memory Test. These findings indicate that autistic individuals can infer whether their face recognition ability is impaired. Consistent with previous research, we observed a wide spread of face recognition abilities within our autistic sample. While some individuals approached ceiling levels of performance, others met the prevailing diagnostic criteria for developmental prosopagnosia. This variability showed little or no association with non-verbal intelligence, autism severity, or the presence of co-occurring alexithymia or ADHD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autistic adults have insight into their relative face recognition ability

Gehdu,

Press,

Gray

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Lastly, while it was our intention for both visual and visual/audio cues to be perceived as social cues, it is possible that the visual cue may have acted as a simple “pointer” and hence had partial properties as a non-social cue ( Frischen et al, 2007 ; Seernani et al, 2021 ), unlike the verbal cues given from the center of the visual field. In the presentation of valid and invalid cues prior to stimuli in spatial cueing paradigms, children with ADHD have been observed to be able to use non-social cues, but not social cues, to orient their attention ( Marotta et al, 2014 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms in children and adolescents through tracked head movements in a virtual reality classroom: The effect of social cues with different sensory modalities

Cho

Yum

Kim

et al. 2022

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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BackgroundAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is clinically diagnosed; however, quantitative analysis to statistically analyze the symptom severity of children with ADHD via the measurement of head movement is still in progress. Studies focusing on the cues that may influence the attention of children with ADHD in classroom settings, where children spend a considerable amount of time, are relatively scarce. Virtual reality allows real-life simulation of classroom environments and thus provides an opportunity to test a range of theories in a naturalistic and controlled manner. The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between participants’ head movements and their reports of inattention and hyperactivity, and to investigate how their head movements are affected by different social cues of different sensory modalities.MethodsThirty-seven children and adolescents with (n = 20) and without (n = 17) ADHD were recruited for this study. All participants were assessed for diagnoses, clinical symptoms, and self-reported symptoms. A virtual reality-continuous performance test (VR-CPT) was conducted under four conditions: (1) control, (2) no-cue, (3) visual cue, and (4) visual/audio cue. A quantitativecomparison of the participants’ head movements was conducted in three dimensions (pitch [head nods], yaw [head turns], and roll [lateral head inclinations]) using a head-mounted display (HMD) in a VR classroom environment. Task-irrelevant head movements were analyzed separately, considering the dimension of movement needed to perform the VR-CPT.ResultsThe magnitude of head movement, especially task-irrelevant head movement, significantly correlated with the current standard of clinical assessment in the ADHD group. Regarding the four conditions, head movement showed changes according to the complexity of social cues in both the ADHD and healthy control (HC) groups.ConclusionChildren and adolescents with ADHD showed decreasing task-irrelevant movements in the presence of social stimuli toward the intended orientation. As a proof-of-concept study, this study preliminarily identifies the potential of VR as a tool to understand and investigate the classroom behavior of children with ADHD in a controlled, systematic manner.

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Intact gesture cueing of attention but attenuated sensitivity to peripheral social targets in autistic children: An eye-tracking and pupillometric study

Hou,

Zhao,

2024

Biological Psychology

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Social and non-social gaze cueing in autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and a comorbid group

Cited by 5 publications

References 36 publications

Autistic adults have insight into their relative face recognition ability

Autistic adults have insight into their relative face recognition ability

Evaluating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms in children and adolescents through tracked head movements in a virtual reality classroom: The effect of social cues with different sensory modalities

Intact gesture cueing of attention but attenuated sensitivity to peripheral social targets in autistic children: An eye-tracking and pupillometric study

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