Social and Reproductive Behaviors

O’Shea, Thomas J.; Beck, Cathy A.; Hodgson, Amanda; Keith-Diagne, Lucy W.; Marmontel, Míriam

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-90742-6_4

Cited by 11 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 158 publications

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“…This characteristic fission and fusion behaviour is common across aggregating species from birds to baboons, and it is also seen in many marine mammal groups (Marsh, f & Reynolds, 2011;Tsai & Mann, 2013;Zuluaga, 2013;Díaz L opez et al, 2018;O'Shea et al, 2022). It is likely that when dugongs were much more abundant in other parts of the Indo-Pacific, large groups were more common and that the LDGs of the Arabian Gulf and Australia, measuring in the hundreds, may be relicts of a once widespread grouping strategy (see Preen, 1992;Hodgson, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…The globally Vulnerable dugong ( Dugong dugon ) (Marsh & Sobtzick, 2019) shows highly variable grouping behaviour (Preen, 1992; Hodgson, 2004; Marshall et al, 2018). Described as facultative herders (Preen, 1992), dugongs are usually found as solitary individuals, mother–calf pairs, or small groups (<10 dugongs), but they occasionally aggregate in large groups of several hundred (Anderson, 1981; Preen, 1992; Hodgson, 2004; Marsh, O'Shea & Reynolds, 2011; Marshall et al, 2018; Deutsch et al, 2022; Khamis et al, 2022; O'Shea et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long‐term persistence of large dugong groups in a conservation hotspot around Hawar Island, Kingdom of Bahrain

Khamis

Abdulla

D’Souza

et al. 2023

Aquatic Conservation

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Predictable aggregations of large marine mammals are valuable conservation targets, but aggregated populations can also be exposed to site‐level threats. The globally vulnerable Dugong dugon has a wide distribution but is found in large numbers mainly in Australia and the Arabian Gulf. Though Australian dugong populations are well studied, much less is known of the dugongs in the Arabian Gulf. The spatial and temporal persistence of dugongs around Bahrain, with a focus on large dugong groups (>50 dugongs), was determined using an occupancy modelling framework supported by historical records, structured interviews, citizen science network reports, and small‐scale boat and unmanned aerial vehicle surveys. Historical records and current distributional studies confirmed that large dugong groups have been reliably sighted around Hawar Island (Bahrain) since at least 1986, forming large, clumped groups that persist almost year round. The largest recorded so far in the world, these fluid groups (maximum of ~700 dugongs) account for ~60% of the dugongs found in Bahrain and ~12% of all dugongs in the Arabian Gulf. The delineated occupancy core area of large dugong groups (~145 km2) straddles the Bahrain–Qatar border, reflecting the transboundary nature of these groups. Careful management of human‐induced stressors (in particular, fishing, boating, and coastal development) combined with regular monitoring of Hawar Island's large dugong groups and their seagrass habitat is critical to safeguard this globally important population. The effectiveness of any conservation management is predicated on strengthening cooperation among all range states in the Arabian Gulf. A key recommendation of this study is to establish a regional network of marine protected areas encompassing core aggregation sites for dugongs, particularly the Hawar Islands in Bahrain, the north‐western waters of Qatar, Marawah Island in the United Arab Emirates in addition to the shallow waters between Saudi Arabia, Qatar, and United Arab Emirates.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long‐term persistence of large dugong groups in a conservation hotspot around Hawar Island, Kingdom of Bahrain

Khamis

Abdulla

D’Souza

et al. 2023

Aquatic Conservation

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“…Howie's tolerance and interest in people also seemed to be a "lifelong" trait (26,27). As is now increasingly recognized for other species of mammals and birds (O'Shea et al, 2022), lifelong behavioral characteristics support the concept of stable individual "personalities" (behavior patterns) in manatees.…”

Section: Interactions Withmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Structurally, manatee vocalization characteristics are similar across manatee species (Rycyk et al, 2021). Their usage is reviewed in recent publications (Marsh et al, 2011;Reep & Bonde, 2021;O'Shea et al, 2022). Many of the anecdotes reported in the Supplemental Table have been noted in the vocalization literature, so they are not reported here.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Anecdotal Accounts of Manatee Behavior: Conservation and Management, Behavioral Ecology, and Cognition

Reep¹,

Bauer²

2023

Aquat Mamm

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Herein, we report anecdotes of manatee (family Trichechidae) behavior based upon accounts made by experienced observers. We have categorized the anecdotes into the broad categories of Conservation and Management (interactions with boats, people, and capture nets; rehabilitation and release), Behavioral Ecology (navigation, mother–calf interactions, interactions with conspecifics, mating behavior and birthing, anti-predator behavior, foraging and eating), and Cognition (sensory perception; learning, memory, and knowledge; interactions with objects, other species, and people; and mimetic behavior). These are all subjects that pertain to the goals of the Florida Manatee Recovery Plan of 2001. We found that many accounts report similar behaviors, suggesting that these may be fruitful lines of further inquiry. One subcategory, Navigation, appears to offer many research areas amenable to systematic study. The apparent behavioral flexibility and knowledge shown in manatee actions in several domains suggest that investigations of manatee intelligence are likely to be revealing.

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“…Side-scan sonar is now an established tool that scientists are using in a variety of ways to study manatees (see secondary literature Aragones et al, 2012;Reep & Bonde, 2021;Deutsch et al, 2022;Marsh, 2022;O'Shea et al, 2022;Ponnampalam et al, 2022). It has been demonstrated to be useful in a variety of environments but is primarily important in murky freshwater systems and during the dry season in seasonally dynamic systems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seeing in the dark: A review of the use of side-scan sonar to detect and study manatees, with an emphasis on Latin America

Gonzalez‐Socoloske

Olivera‐Gómez²

2023

Lat. Am. J. Aquat. Mamm.

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Manatees are aquatic mammals that live in a variety of environments. Many of those shallow water environments have murky water, making detection using traditional visual surveys very challenging. Side-scan sonar was first proposed as a tool to detect and study manatees in these complicated habitats in 2005. Here, we summarize the use of this tool from 2005 to 2022 by searching the available literature. Our literature search revealed that this tool is being widely used in more than 20 locations and over 15 countries. All three manatee species are being studied with side-scan sonar. It is most useful in murky freshwater habitats that are not too deep or open (e.g., large lagoons or lakes), where visual surveys are not effective. Most studies used side-scan sonar in combination with other methodologies such as passive acoustics and indirect evidence. Work is still needed to standardize the use of this technique so that image interpretation can be reliable, and results can be compared between studies. However, most studies indicated that this tool is essential in murky water habitats and provides one of the best ways to detect and study manatees.

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Social and Reproductive Behaviors

Cited by 11 publications

References 158 publications

Long‐term persistence of large dugong groups in a conservation hotspot around Hawar Island, Kingdom of Bahrain

Long‐term persistence of large dugong groups in a conservation hotspot around Hawar Island, Kingdom of Bahrain

Anecdotal Accounts of Manatee Behavior: Conservation and Management, Behavioral Ecology, and Cognition

Seeing in the dark: A review of the use of side-scan sonar to detect and study manatees, with an emphasis on Latin America

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