Social anxiety among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender adolescents and young adults.

Roberts, Karen; Schwartz, Danielle R.; Hart, Trevor A.

doi:10.1037/12315-009

Cited by 21 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…This is considerably higher than past month prevalence rates reported for diverse HIV-infected samples but generally consistent with rates reported in samples of HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected gay and bisexual men. 2,40,41 Higher rates of social phobia among gay and bisexual men are expected, 42,43 and it has been suggested that gay men may have a developmental vulnerability for social anxiety. 44–46 Rates of screen in criteria for current panic disorder (9.5%) and generalized anxiety (7.8%) are also higher than those reported in diverse samples of HIV infected patients assessed with more conservative diagnostic measures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Psychiatric and Substance Abuse Symptomatology Among HIV-Infected Gay and Bisexual Men in HIV Primary Care

et al. 2015

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Background The presence of psychiatric symptoms in gay/bisexual men managing HIV are under-identified and under-treated and can interfere with optimal HIV disease management. There is a paucity of prevalence reports of these symptoms in this group, identified in the primary HIV care setting. Few studies have compared prevalence rates based on empirically supported screening tools in relation to diagnoses made in primary care. Objective The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of psychiatric symptoms and substance abuse in HIV-infected gay/bisexual men and to estimate the proportion of those who had been diagnosed within their primary medical care setting. Method Participants (n =503) were HIV-infected gay/bisexual men screened for participation in a HIV prevention trial and completed psychosocial assessment. Data were also extracted from patients’ electronic medical record. Results Over 47% met diagnostic screen-in criteria for any anxiety disorder of whom approximately one-third were identified in primary care. More than 22% screened in for a depressive mood disorder approximately 50% of whom had been identified. One quarter of the sample had elevated substance abuse symptoms, 19.4% of whom were identified in primary care. Of those with symptoms of alcohol abuse (19.9%) 9.0% of those were identified. Conclusion These results provide some evidence suggesting that mood, anxiety and substance abuse symptomatology are prevalent among HIV-infected gay/bisexual men and are under-identified in primary care Increased mental health and substance use screening integrated into HIV primary care treatment settings may help to identify more gay/bisexual men in need of treatment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Psychiatric and Substance Abuse Symptomatology Among HIV-Infected Gay and Bisexual Men in HIV Primary Care

et al. 2015

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“…Cognitive-behavioral approaches that address maladaptive cognitions appear promising in alleviating psychological distress related to previous victimization and anti-gay early life experiences (e.g., Hart, Tulloch, & O’Cleirigh, 2014 ; Satterfield & Crabb, 2010 ), and so may also be appropriate for syndemic-focused HIV prevention and sexual health promotion interventions for GBM. For example, anti-gay bullying and victimization in childhood may lead to high social anxiety, and social anxiety may lead to increased use of substances to manage sexual relationships (e.g., Roberts, Schwartz, & Hart, 2011 ; Terlecki & Buckner, 2015 ). Given that social anxiety is associated with high-risk sexual behavior (Hart & Heimberg, 2005 ; Hart, James, Purcell, & Farber, 2008 ), cognitive-behavioral interventions that treat social anxiety may also treat fears of rejection, substance use in sexual situations, and subsequent high-risk sexual behavior (Hart et al, 2014 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrospective Reports of Developmental Stressors, Syndemics, and Their Association with Sexual Risk Outcomes Among Gay Men

et al. 2015

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Gay and bisexual men (GBM) continue to have a disproportionately higher HIV incidence than any other group in Canada and the United States. This study examined how multiple co-occurring psychosocial problems, also known as a syndemic, contribute to high-risk sexual behavior among GBM. It also examined the impact of early life adversity on high-risk sexual behavior as mediated by syndemic severity. A sample of 239 GBM completed self-report questionnaires at baseline and 6-month follow-up. Syndemic variables included depression, polysubstance use, and intimate partner violence. Early life adversity variables measured retrospectively included physical and verbal bullying by peers and physical and sexual abuse by adults. A Cochran–Armitage trend test revealed a proportionate increase between number of syndemic problems and engagement in high-risk sex (p < .0001), thereby supporting syndemic theory. All early life adversity variables were positively correlated with number of syndemic problems. A bootstrap mediation analysis revealed indirect effects of two types of early life adversity on high-risk sex via syndemic severity: verbal bullying by peers and physical abuse by adults. There was also an overall effect of physical bullying by peers on high-risk sexual behavior, but no specific direct or indirect effects were observed. Consistent with syndemic theory, results provide evidence that certain types of early life adversity impact high-risk sex later in life via syndemic problems. Behavioral interventions to reduce sexual risk among GBM should address anti-gay discrimination experienced before adulthood as well as adult psychological problems.

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“…More specifically, TGNC youth have rates of social anxiety disorder that reportedly range from 9.5% to 31.4%. 2 , 5 , 23 Social anxiety disorder consists of anxiety specific to social situations where the possibility of being scrutinized by others exists and occurs in a variety of settings, including school, home, and social interactions. 3 Social anxiety disorder has a lifetime prevalence of 12.1% in the United States and can result in impaired social, academic, and work performance.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 25 This substantiates the assertion that transgender people experience higher rates of social anxiety disorder due to minority stress because while they face similar unfavorable life experiences as lesbian/gay/bisexual people, they also experience added distress because of their gender nonconformity and gender dysphoria. 23 Overall, social anxiety disorder in relevant populations such as sexual and gender minorities has been hypothesized to be related to minority stress. 5 , 23 , 25 We will next address evidence based treatments tailored to TGNC populations.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of Evidence Based Treatments for Transgender Youth Diagnosed with Social Anxiety Disorder

Busa¹,

Janssen²,

Lakshman

2018

Transgender Health

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In addition to the high prevalence of gender dysphoria among transgender youth, this population is at greater risk of suffering from additional mental health disorders, including social anxiety disorder, compared to their cisgender peers. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has been established as an effective form of treatment for social anxiety disorder. It is recommended that therapists modify and adapt CBT when working with minority groups such as transgender youth to ensure that the treatment is efficacious and culturally sensitive. However, literature assessing the efficacy of CBT for transgender youth with mental health issues is scant. As a result, there is no empirical literature on effective treatment for transgender youth who meet criteria for social anxiety disorder alone or youth who meet criteria for social anxiety disorder and gender dysphoria. This literature review aims to identify current research related to prevalence of mental health disorders in transgender youth, the current literature on adaptations of cognitive behavioral techniques, and the need for treatment research on adaptation of CBT for transgender individuals, specifically those with social anxiety disorder and gender dysphoria.

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Social anxiety among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender adolescents and young adults.

Cited by 21 publications

References 84 publications

Prevalence of Psychiatric and Substance Abuse Symptomatology Among HIV-Infected Gay and Bisexual Men in HIV Primary Care

Prevalence of Psychiatric and Substance Abuse Symptomatology Among HIV-Infected Gay and Bisexual Men in HIV Primary Care

Retrospective Reports of Developmental Stressors, Syndemics, and Their Association with Sexual Risk Outcomes Among Gay Men

A Review of Evidence Based Treatments for Transgender Youth Diagnosed with Social Anxiety Disorder

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