Social anxiety and cardiovascular responses to an evaluative speaking task: The role of stressor anticipation

Habituation–sensitization of cardiovascular reactivity to repeated stress in smokers and non-smokers: An anthropometrically matched trial

“…As such, using inter-task recovery measures as proxy-baselines for reactivity to the second stressor would not have incorporated such an acclimatization phase. Nonetheless, anticipatory anxiety (Gramer and Sprintschnik, 2008), rumination (Glynn et al, 2007), and post-stress recovery (Stewart et al, 2006) are themselves important aspects of cardiovascular reactivity. Future research that directly tests the impact of smoking on these phenomena is warranted as it may reveal other ways in which smoking is detrimental to cardiovascular health.…”

The interactive effect of change in perceived stress and trait anxiety on vagal recovery from cognitive challenge

“…While some investigators have reported that individuals with higher levels of trait anxiety have blunted cardiovascular (e.g., HR, systolic/diastolic blood pressure [SBP/DBP]) reactivity and delayed recovery (de Rooij, Schene, Phillips, & Roseboom, 2010; Girdler, Jamner, & Shapiro, 1997; Gonzalez-Bono et al, 2002; Gramer & Sprintschnik, 2008; Vitaliano, Russo, Paulsen, & Bailey, 1995), others have reported no association between trait anxiety and cardiovascular response to psychological stress (Jorgensen & Zachariae, 2006; Knepp & Friedman, 2008; Ottaviani, Shapiro, Davydov, Goldstein, & Mills, 2009; Schwerdtfeger, 2004). Similarly, some studies have linked higher levels of trait anger to exaggerated HR, BP (Burns, Bruehl, & Caceres, 2004; Ratnasingam & Bishop, 2007), and vagal (Ottaviani, et al, 2009) reactivity, and delayed DBP recovery (Vitaliano, et al, 1995), while others have linked higher levels of trait anger to blunted SBP reactivity (Laude, Girard, Consoli, Mounier-Vehier, & Elghozi, 1997) and found no association between trait anger and overall cardiovascular recovery (Lache, Meyer, & Herrmann-Lingen, 2007).…”

“…One possible reason for the inconsistency in these previously reported findings may be heterogeneity across studies. Specifically, previous studies differ in several critical dimensions, including the measures used to assess the trait characteristic, the samples studied, and the types of laboratory stressors utilized (de Rooij, et al, 2010; Girdler, et al, 1997; Gonzalez-Bono, et al, 2002; Gramer & Sprintschnik, 2008; Jorgensen & Zachariae, 2006; Knepp & Friedman, 2008; Lache, et al, 2007; Laude, et al, 1997; Ottaviani, et al, 2009; Ratnasingam & Bishop, 2007; Schwerdtfeger, 2004; Vitaliano, et al, 1995). The differences in the study samples represent a particularly important issue as some studies used small samples (Girdler, et al, 1997; Gonzalez-Bono, et al, 2002; Gramer & Sprintschnik, 2008; Jorgensen & Zachariae, 2006; Laude, et al, 1997; Schwerdtfeger, 2004) that were limited to either male (Girdler, et al, 1997) or female (Gonzalez-Bono, et al, 2002; Gramer & Sprintschnik, 2008; Ratnasingam & Bishop, 2007) participants, while reports based on large samples tended to have limited age range (de Rooij, et al, 2010; Ratnasingam & Bishop, 2007; Vitaliano, et al, 1995).…”

Self-Focus and Cardiovascular Effects of Stressor Anticipation and Active Coping: The Moderating Influence of Trait Social Anxiety

“…In high anxious individuals, increased self-doubts under high self-awareness [13] may provoke or intensify withdrawal tendencies indicated by attenuated cardiac activity [21,22]. It cannot be excluded, though, that greater success importance under high self-focus and the constraints of the structured speech task may lead socially anxious individuals to persist despite low confidence.…”