Social Anxiety and Shame Among Young Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder Compared to Typical Adults

Gaziel-Guttman, Meyrav; Anaki, David; Mashal, Nira

doi:10.1007/s10803-022-05526-x

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…The current ndings present a complex picture regarding the shame experiences of young adults with ASD. Supporting prior research [11,22,55], we found that the ASD group perceived social shame situations as evoking less shame. We suggest that this stems from their diminished introspection, which results in lower ability, compared to their typical peers, to identify shame as it is displayed during relevant social situations [56].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…For example, Heerey et al [21] found that children with ASD are impaired, relative to typically developing children, in recognizing shame while watching social situations. Furthermore, according to Gaziel-Guttman et al [22], individuals with ASD rated imaginary social shame situations with lower shame scores than typical peers. However, while these ndings point to the reduced ability of individuals with ASD to identify social shame situations compared to typical peers, other studies show high shame proneness among individuals with ASD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on previous ndings [21][22], we hypothesized that young adults with ASD would rate shamearousing pictures with lower shame levels than typical adults. However, considering the higher proneness to shame in daily life and evidence showing reappraisal capacities in ASD [23][24]37], we hypothesized that reappraisal would signi cantly decrease shame feelings arising from the pictures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of reappraisal on the emotional regulation of shame in young adults with ASD and typical peers

Gaziel-Guttman

Anaki

Mashal

2023

Preprint

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Background Previous findings show that young adults with ASD experience shame in social interactions. These feelings, if poorly mishandled and regulated in a maladaptive manner, may interfere with their attempts to engage with their typical peers and build lasting relationships. One strategy that has been identified to improve shame regulation is cognitive reappraisal. The current study examined the effect of reappraising shame-arousing scenarios on the shame feelings of young adults with ASD and typical young adults. Methods Thirty-three Caucasian young adults diagnosed with ASD and 38 typical participants were shown shame-arousing pictures. They were instructed to imagine themselves as the primary character in each social shame scenario and to rate their feelings on a proud-to-shame rating scale. Then, they were trained on how to reappraise shame-arousing pictures less negatively. Finally, participants viewed different social shame photos, reappraised each, and rated their feelings. They stated aloud the new interpretation they came up with for each picture. The reported narratives were recorded on audiotape for later analysis. All participants were given questionnaires and cognitive tasks to assess ASD symptoms, non-verbal intelligence, and verbal abilities. Results We found a significant shame reduction after reappraising the images in both groups. However, qualitative analysis of these narratives revealed that the participants with ASD used significantly fewer narratives of positive social interactions. Instead, they provided more neutral and unrealistic descriptions than their typical peers. Limitations: Shame induction was manipulated, and ecological validity (as well as long-term effects of reappraisal) is yet to be determined. Participants provided their narratives only in the post-reappraisal stage, and additional measures of reappraisal manipulation are recommended. Conclusions These findings highlight shame-regulation abilities in individuals with ASD while pointing to their unique contents. Therefore, we recommend that clinical interventions of emotion regulation in ASD emphasize generating positive reappraisals of social situations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of reappraisal on the emotional regulation of shame in young adults with ASD and typical peers

Gaziel-Guttman

Anaki

Mashal

2023

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…As it was said, based on the theory of self-objectiveness, individuals who evaluate their body from an external perspective have mental health problems, such as lower self-esteem, and worry about how their body looks to others. [ 36 ]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the mediator role of self-esteem in the relationship between female self-objectification and social physique anxiety

Bagherinia,

Saghebi

2023

Journal of Education and Health Promotion

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BACKGROUND: Women's perception of body image plays an important role in their psychological health; self-objectification and social physique anxiety can affect self-esteem. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of the mediator of self-esteem in the relationship between self-objectification and social physique anxiety in female students at Hakim Sabzevari University in Sabzevar. MATERIALS AND METHOD: The method of this descriptive research is correlational. The statistical population of this study is all the female students of Sabzevar, Department of Humanities. Using Morgan's table, 291 subjects were selected as a sample. To collect data, Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Questionnaire, McKinley and Hyde's Self-Objectification Questionnaire, and Hart et al., Social Physique Anxiety Questionnaire were used. After filling out the questionnaires, the data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 24 and descriptive indexes were used. Also, for correlation, to test the research question, a suitable statistical test such as hierarchical regression was used. RESULTS: The results of the analysis of statistical data showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between self-objectification and self-esteem. Also, there is a significant positive correlation between this variable and social physique anxiety. Also, using hierarchical regression, the role of mediating self-esteem was confirmed in the relationship between self-objectification and social physique anxiety. CONCLUSION: Those who have a high score in self-objectification think of themselves as an object and are always concerned about evaluating others based on their body image, so if their body image is not approved by others, they will have a negative assessment of themselves that causes a decrease in their self-esteem followed by an increase in the social anxiety of the organs.

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“…Some autistic adults experience shame-based difficulties (e.g., Davidson et al, 2017Davidson et al, , 2018Gaziel-Guttman et al, 2023). Identifying risk factors for these is important for highlighting the need for systemic changes beyond the person and informing intervention approaches.…”

Section: Risk Factors For Self-criticism and Shame-based Difficulties...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Compassion-focused therapy with autistic adults

Mason,

Acland,

Stark

et al. 2023

Front. Psychol.

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Some autistic adults experience repeated adverse events, including rejection, victimization and stigmatization. They also describe others being critical and negatively judging them, such as for how they socially interact or for expressing passion for particular interests. The impact of these adverse events can be substantial, including increasing vulnerability for poorer mental health, and contributing to development of negative self beliefs (such as “I am different” or “I do not fit in”) and shame-based difficulties. Not all evidence-based psychological therapies are well-received by autistic people, or effective. Given high rates of self-harm and suicidality, finding acceptable and effective therapies for autistic adults is paramount. Here, writing as autistic and non-autistic clinicians and researchers, we outline the theoretical principles of compassion-focused theory and therapy (CFT). We propose that: (1) compassion-focused theory can provide a useful framework for conceptualizing shame-based difficulties some autistic adults experience; (2) CFT can be appropriate for addressing these; and (3) there is an impetus for practitioners to adopt compassion-focused approaches when supporting autistic adults.

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Social Anxiety and Shame Among Young Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder Compared to Typical Adults

Cited by 5 publications

References 60 publications

The effect of reappraisal on the emotional regulation of shame in young adults with ASD and typical peers

The effect of reappraisal on the emotional regulation of shame in young adults with ASD and typical peers

Study on the mediator role of self-esteem in the relationship between female self-objectification and social physique anxiety

Compassion-focused therapy with autistic adults

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