Social Anxiety and Speaker Gaze in a Persuasive Atmosphere

Farabee, David; Holcom, Melvin L.; Ramsey, Shawna L.; Cole, Steven G.

doi:10.1006/jrpe.1993.1025

Cited by 41 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…These studies reported social anxiety to relate to less gazing behavior and eye contact (Eves & Marks, 1991; Farabee, Ramsey, & Cole, 1993; Wieser, Pauli, Alpers, & Mühlberger, 2009; except see Hofmann, Gerlach, Wender, & Roth, 1997). Later studies using eye tracking devices have confirmed social anxiety to relate to decreased eye fixations to facial images (Horley, Williams, Gonsalvez, & Gordon, 2003; Horley, Williams, Gonsalvez, & Gordon, 2004; Moukheiber et al, 2010), videos (Weeks, Howell, & Goldin, 2013), and virtual reality situations (Mühlberger, Wieser, & Pauli, 2008).…”

Section: Human Paradigmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal to human translational paradigms relevant for approach avoidance conflict decision making

Kirlić

Young

Aupperle

2017

Behaviour Research and Therapy

104

112

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Avoidance behavior in clinical anxiety disorders is often a decision made in response to approach-avoidance conflict, resulting in a sacrifice of potential rewards to avoid potential negative affective consequences. Animal research has a long history of relying on paradigms related to approach-avoidance conflict to model anxiety-relevant behavior. This approach includes punishment-based conflict, exploratory, and social interaction tasks. There has been a recent surge of interest in the translation of paradigms from animal to human, in efforts to increase generalization of findings and support the development of more effective mental health treatments. This article briefly reviews animal tests related to approach-avoidance conflict and results from lesion and pharmacologic studies utilizing these tests. We then provide a description of translational human paradigms that have been developed to tap into related constructs, summarizing behavioral and neuroimaging findings. Similarities and differences in findings from analogous animal and human paradigms are discussed. Lastly, we highlight opportunities for future research and paradigm development that will support the clinical utility of this translational work.

show abstract

Section: Human Paradigmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal to human translational paradigms relevant for approach avoidance conflict decision making

Kirlić

Young

Aupperle

2017

Behaviour Research and Therapy

104

112

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Anxious people also look at the audience less often while having a speech (Eves & Marks, 1991) and their gazing behavior correlates with their actual level of anxiety (Jurich & Jurich, 1974). In social interactions, a negative correlation between social anxiety and eye contact was reported (Farabee, Holcom, Ramsey, & Cole, 1993). In contrast, other studies did not find any differences in gaze behavior depending on the level of social anxiety (Hofmann, Gerlach, Wender, & Roth, 1997).…”

mentioning

confidence: 91%

Is eye to eye contact really threatening and avoided in social anxiety?—An eye-tracking and psychophysiology study

Wieser

Pauli

Alpers

et al. 2009

Journal of Anxiety Disorders

196

133

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…People who are socially anxious look less at their audience than non-anxious individuals (Eves & Marks, 1991), and their looking-time is related to their level of anxiety (Jurich & Jurich, 1974). Still others have noted that increased social anxiety was related to decreased eye contact in social interactions (Farabee, Holcom, Ramsey, & Cole, 1993). However, a relation between level of anxiety and eye gaze behavior is not always observed (Hofman, Gerlach, Wender, & Roth, 1997).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Shyness is characterized by avoidance behaviors (Pilkonis, 1977), and one very salient avoidant behavior is not looking at the eyes and eye region because these areas convey possible social threat (Farabee et al, 1993).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%