Social anxiety disorder women easily recognize fearfull, sad and happy faces: The influence of gender

Arrais, Kátia C.; Machado‐de‐Sousa, João Paulo; Trzesniak, Clarissa; Filho, Alaor Santos; Ferrari, Maria Cecília Freitas; Osório, Flávia L.; Loureiro, S.R.; Nardi, Antônio Egídio; Hetem, Luiz Alberto B.; Zuardi, Antônio Waldo; Hallak, Jaime Eduardo Cecílio; Crippa, José Alexandre de Souza

doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2009.11.003

Cited by 71 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Patients with this disorder show enhanced amygdala reactivity to faces depicting negative emotions (44) and a lower number of fixations on the eye region (45). However, in contrast to autism spectrum disorders, patients with social anxiety disorder typically have a preserved ability to identify facial expressions (46). Thus, their gaze aversion seems to be related more to the enhanced stress and anxiety of being evaluated by others; correspondingly, these patients tend to focus on negative information in social situations (47).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different amygdala subregions mediate valence-related and attentional effects of oxytocin in humans

Gamer

Zurowski

Büchel

2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

452

427

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The neuropeptide oxytocin enhances the processing of positive social stimuli and improves the capacity to effectively attend the eye region of conspecifics. To investigate the neural basis of these effects, we combined intranasal oxytocin administration with high-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging in a unique emotion classification task. Emotional faces were briefly presented while controlling for the initial fixation, and measuring subsequent eye movements. Oxytocin had differential effects on the activity of specific amygdala subregions. On the one hand, it attenuated activation in lateral and dorsal regions of the anterior amygdala for fearful faces but enhanced activity for happy expressions, thus indicating a shift of the processing focus toward positive social stimuli. On the other hand, oxytocin increased the likelihood of reflexive gaze shifts toward the eye region irrespective of the depicted emotional expression. This gazing pattern was related to an increase of activity in the posterior amygdala and an enhanced functional coupling of this region to the superior colliculi. Thus, different behavioral effects of oxytocin seem to be closely related its specific modulatory influence on subregions within the human amygdala.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different amygdala subregions mediate valence-related and attentional effects of oxytocin in humans

Gamer

Zurowski

Büchel

2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

452

427

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…A surprisingly high proportion of male musicians met the criterion for social phobia using the SPIN cut-off score. This finding contrasts with population studies of social phobia that almost universally show a preponderance of women receiving this diagnosis, although more recent studies have identified more nuanced differences between males and females (Arrais et al, 2010;Ingles, La Greca, Marzo, Garcia-Lopez, & Garcia-Fernandez, 2010;McLean, Asnaani, Litz, & Hofmann, 2011;Xu et al, 2012). The National Survey of Mental Health of Australians (Andrews et al, 1999) reported that one in five Australian adults (17.7%) had an anxiety, affective or substance use disorder (or more than one of these disorders) in the 12 months prior to the survey year.…”

Section: Anxiety Measuresmentioning

confidence: 78%

Psychological well-being in professional orchestral musicians in Australia: A descriptive population study

Kenny

Driscoll

Ackermann

2012

Psychology of Music

182

255

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We report the major findings from the psychosocial questionnaire component of a cross-sectional population survey of the musicians in Australia's eight full-time professional symphonic and pit orchestras. The response rate was 70% (n = 377). Female musicians reported significantly more trait anxiety, music performance anxiety, social anxiety, and other forms of anxiety and depression than male musicians. The youngest musicians (<30 years) were significantly more anxious compared with the oldest musicians (51+). The youngest female musicians were most affected by music performance anxiety. Music performance anxiety was lowest for the older musicians (51+ years). Thirty-three per cent of musicians may meet criteria for a diagnosis of social phobia. Twenty-two per cent answered in the affirmative to a question screening for post-traumatic stress disorder. Thirtytwo per cent returned a positive depression screen; this subgroup had higher scores on the anxiety measures. Linear regression analysis identified the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-T), the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN), the Anxiety and Depression Detector (ADD) and age as independent predictors of music performance anxiety severity. Significant numbers of musicians drank alcohol in a manner outside the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) alcohol guidelines (2009); only 6% were current smokers. This study has identified a significant pattern of anxiety, depression and health behaviours that require attention in occupational health and safety policies and programmes for this workforce.

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“…However, those studies only used subjects with the highest and lowest scores on anxiety questionnaires drawn from a larger population (Arrais et al, 2010; Richards et al, 2002; Surcinelli et al, 2006). Our subjects were, by contrast, not preselected based on anxiety scores and represented a range of healthy anxiety scores not typically included in previous research.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intersubject variability in fearful face processing: the linkbetween behavior and neural activation

Doty

Japee

Ingvar

et al. 2014

Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci

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Stimuli that signal threat show considerable variability in the extent to which they enhance behavior, even among healthy individuals. However, the neural underpinning of this behavioral variability is not well understood. By manipulating expectation of threat in an fMRI study of fearful vs. neutral face categorization, we uncovered a network of areas underlying variability in threat processing in healthy adults. We explicitly altered expectation by presenting face images at three different expectation levels: 80%, 50%, and 20%. Subjects were instructed to report as fast and as accurately as possible whether the face was fearful (signaled threat) or not. An uninformative cue preceded each face by 4 seconds (s). By taking the difference between response times (RT) to fearful compared to neutral faces, we quantified an overall fear RT bias (i.e. faster to fearful than neutral faces) for each subject. This bias correlated positively with late trial fMRI activation (8 s after the face) during unexpected fearful face trials in bilateral ventromedial prefrontal cortex, the left subgenual cingulate cortex, and the right caudate nucleus and correlated negatively with early trial fMRI activation (4 s after the cue) during expected neutral face trials in bilateral dorsal striatum and the right ventral striatum. These results demonstrate that the variability in threat processing among healthy adults is reflected not only in behavior but also in the magnitude of activation in medial prefrontal and striatal regions that appear to encode affective value.

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Social anxiety disorder women easily recognize fearfull, sad and happy faces: The influence of gender

Cited by 71 publications

References 55 publications

Different amygdala subregions mediate valence-related and attentional effects of oxytocin in humans

Different amygdala subregions mediate valence-related and attentional effects of oxytocin in humans

Psychological well-being in professional orchestral musicians in Australia: A descriptive population study

Intersubject variability in fearful face processing: the linkbetween behavior and neural activation

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