Social Bacteriophages

Domingo‐Calap, Pilar; Mora-Quilis, Lucas; Sanjuán, Rafael

doi:10.3390/microorganisms8040533

Cited by 24 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…In the absence of this signaling moiety, however, the phages are induced to switch into the lytic mode. This finding is revolutionary in the field of sociovirology as it opens a new horizon for the peptide-based decisions for viruses [57,58].…”

Section: Phage Communication Shapes Lytic-lysogenic Decisionmentioning

confidence: 97%

How to Train Your Phage: The Recent Efforts in Phage Training

et al. 2021

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Control of pathogenic bacteria by deliberate application of predatory phages has potential as a powerful therapy against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The key advantages of phage biocontrol over antibacterial chemotherapy are: (1) an ability to self-propagate inside host bacteria, (2) targeted predation of specific species or strains of bacteria, (3) adaptive molecular machinery to overcome resistance in target bacteria. However, realizing the potential of phage biocontrol is dependent on harnessing or adapting these responses, as many phage species switch between lytic infection cycles (resulting in lysis) and lysogenic infection cycles (resulting in genomic integration) that increase the likelihood of survival of the phage in response to external stress or host depletion. Similarly, host range will need to be optimized to make phage therapy medically viable whilst avoiding the potential for deleteriously disturbing the commensal microbiota. Phage training is a new approach to produce efficient phages by capitalizing on the evolved response of wild-type phages to bacterial resistance. Here we will review recent studies reporting successful trials of training different strains of phages to switch into lytic replication mode, overcome bacterial resistance, and increase their host range. This review will also highlight the current knowledge of phage training and future implications in phage applications and phage therapy and summarize the recent pipeline of the magistral preparation to produce a customized phage for clinical trials and medical applications.

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Section: Phage Communication Shapes Lytic-lysogenic Decisionmentioning

confidence: 97%

How to Train Your Phage: The Recent Efforts in Phage Training

et al. 2021

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“…Phage restriction occurs such as due to the action of bacterial restriction endonucleases (Korona et al, 1993) or instead CRISPR-Cas systems (Kumar et al, 2015;Strotskaya et al, 2017). Another sort of phage restriction is seen with secondary adsorption, which is the adsorption by phages to already phage-infected bacteria (Abedon, 2015a) and can result in superinfection immunity or superinfection exclusion (Abedon, 1994;Berngruber et al, 2010;Blasdel and Abedon, 2017;Domingo-Calap et al, 2020). Both are mechanisms that kill adsorbing phages and, if expressed by bacterial lysogens, are associated as well with survival of the phage-adsorbed bacterium.…”

Section: Null Phage Impacts On Targeted Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Phage Therapy: The Pharmacology of Antibacterial Viruses

Danis-Wlodarczyk¹,

Dąbrowska²,

Abedon³

2021

Current Issues in Molecular Biology

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Pharmacology can be differentiated into two key aspects, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. Pharmacodynamics describes a drug's impact on the body while pharmacokinetics describes the body's impact on a drug. Another way of understanding these terms is that pharmacodynamics is a description of both the positive and negative consequences of drugs attaining certain concentrations in the body while pharmacokinetics is concerned with our ability to reach and then sustain those concentrations. Unlike the drugs for which these concepts were developed, including antibiotics, the bacteriophages (or 'phages') that we consider here are not chemotherapeutics but instead are the viruses of bacteria. Here we review the pharmacology of these viruses, particularly as they can be employed to combat bacterial infections (phage therapy). Overall, an improved pharmacological understanding of phage therapy should allow for more informed development of phages as antibacterial 'drugs', allow for more rational post hoc debugging of phage therapy experiments, and encourage improved design of phage therapy protocols. Contrasting with antibiotics, however, phages as viruses impact individual bacterial cells as single virions rather than as swarms of molecules, and while they are killing bacteria, caister.com/cimb 81 Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. Vol. 40bacteriophages also can amplify phage numbers, in situ. Explorations of phage therapy pharmacology consequently can often be informed as well by basic principles of the ecological interactions between phages and bacteria as by study of the pharmacology of drugs. Bacteriophages in phage therapy thus can display somewhat unique as well as more traditional pharmacological aspects.

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“…Others have demonstrated that viruses acquired traits that facilitated their collective transmission and enabled them to function as infection units (141). Some phages have also adapted distinct strategies to eject multiple phage genomes into the same bacterial host (142). A notable characteristic of filamentous coliphage f1, for example, is their ability to encapsulate multiple phage genome copies within a single capsid.…”

Section: Spontaneousmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating Viral Metagenomics into an Ecological Framework

et al. 2021

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Viral metagenomics has expanded our knowledge of the ecology of uncultured viruses, within both environmental (e.g., terrestrial and aquatic) and host-associated (e.g., plants and animals, including humans) contexts. Here, we emphasize the implementation of an ecological framework in viral metagenomic studies to address questions in virology rarely considered ecological, which can change our perception of viruses and how they interact with their surroundings. An ecological framework explicitly considers diverse variants of viruses in populations that make up communities of interacting viruses, with ecosystem-level effects. It provides a structure for the study of the diversity, distributions, dynamics, and interactions of viruses with one another, hosts, and the ecosystem, including interactions with abiotic factors. An ecological framework in viral metagenomics stands poised to broadly expand our knowledge in basic and applied virology. We highlight specific fundamental research needs to capitalize on its potential and advance the field. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Virology, Volume 8 is September 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

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Social Bacteriophages

Cited by 24 publications

References 47 publications

How to Train Your Phage: The Recent Efforts in Phage Training

How to Train Your Phage: The Recent Efforts in Phage Training

Phage Therapy: The Pharmacology of Antibacterial Viruses

Integrating Viral Metagenomics into an Ecological Framework

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