Social Behavior

Rubenstein, Daniel I.; Rubenstein, Dustin R.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-384719-5.00126-x

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 18 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Typically cited benefits of group living include reduced predation threat, improved foraging and mate choice; costs include competition, interference, increased predation and increased parasite burden (Krause & Ruxton 2002). Social structure is not only influenced by intrinsic and environmental factors but can, in turn, affect these in a feedback loop (Geist 1974, Crook et al 1976, Rubenstein & Rubenstein 2013. Therefore, social structure is a core element of population biology (Wilson 1975) affecting such factors as fitness (McDonald 2007), gene flow (Altman et al 1996), information flow (Mann et al 2012, Allen et al 2013) and disease transmission (Altizer et al 2003, Cross et al 2004, Drewe 2010.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinship and association in a highly social apex predator population, killer whales at Marion Island

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Social structure is a core element of population biology, influenced by intrinsic and environmental factors. Intra-taxon comparisons of social organization are useful in elucidating the role of such ecological determinants of sociality. Killer whales Orcinus orca are widely-distributed, social delphinids with diverse morphology, diet, behavior and genetics, but few studies have quantitatively examined social structure in this species. We used 7 years of individual identification data on killer whales at Marion Island, Southern Ocean, to calculate the half-weight association index among 39 individuals, creating a weighted association network. There were long-term associations between individuals, though associations were dynamic over time. We defined 8 social modules using a community detection algorithm and these typically contained 3 individuals of various ages and sexes.Pairwise genetic relatedness among 20 individuals was not significantly correlated with association index. Individuals were on average more related within than between social modules, but social modules contained related as well as unrelated individuals. Likely parent pairs of six individuals indicated mating between social modules.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinship and association in a highly social apex predator population, killer whales at Marion Island

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Nearly all motile marine animals interact with other members of its species at some point in their lives, and some species aggregate together to improve feeding success (Gisburne and Connor 2015), protection against predators (Magurran 1990), and/or mate accessibility (Baeza 2008;Subramoniam 2013). Consequently, the commonly used definition of 'social behaviour' refers to all intraspecific interactions, from aggressive, through cooperative, sexual and parental (Rubenstein and Rubenstein 2013). An animal is, therefore, only being classified as 'social' if it displays cooperative group living (Rubenstein and Abbott 2017), with limited social behaviour between conspecifics the norm in many species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An experimental assessment of social tolerance and den ecology in a high-density octopus population

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Long held notions of the universally asocial octopus are being challenged due to the identification of high-density and interacting octopus populations in Australia, Indonesia, Japan and the deep sea. This study experimentally assessed the social tolerance and presence of potential prey items of Caribbean reef octopus, Octopus briareus, in a tropical marine lake (25°21′40″N, 76°30′40″W) on the island of Eleuthera, The Bahamas, by deploying artificial dens in multi-den groups or ‘units’ in the months of May and June 2019. Fifteen octopus were observed occupying dens (n = 100), resulting in 13 den units being occupied (n = 40). Two examples of adjacent occupation within a single den unit were identified but with zero examples of cohabitation/den sharing. Ecological models showed den and den unit occupation was predicted to increase with depth and differ between sites. Octopus also displayed no preference for isolated or communal units but preferred isolated dens over dens adjacent to others. Additionally, 47 % of occupied dens contained bivalve or crustacean items with no epifauna on their interior surface. The lack of epifauna suggests that these items have been recently ‘cleaned’ by occupying octopus and so represent likely prey. This study presents evidence of possible antisocial den use by O. briareus, a modification of the default ‘asocial’ ignoring of conspecifics typically attributed to octopus. This is likely in response to the high population density and may imply behavioural plasticity, making this system appropriate for further scrutiny as a research location on the influence of large, insular environments on marine species.

show abstract

“…He considers metaphysics' inability to recognise what gives rise to itself. Rubenstein (2013) notices it is being that allows being to be and Heidegger (1962) explained that metaphysics as an inquiry into the being of beings has over time disregarded being itself (Korab-Karpowicz, n.d.) and as a result, being itself has taken on a diminished understanding (if recognised at all).…”

Section: Ontological Explorationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the purposes here, it begins to expose and make better sense of those forces and realities that give rise to meanings in metaphysics, technology, ethics and leadership. In Figure 9 below, being is represented as soil (Rubenstein, 2013), the ground. Although often unnoticed, soil conceals itself in the ground, in its being.…”

Section: Ontological Explorationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure9: Ontology: Soil: the ground of beingconcealed in its being(Rubenstein, 2013) Being is not immediately evident from positions of technology, ethics and leadership, and if, as Heidegger argues, metaphysics has disregarded being, being has been forgotten and, citingRubenstein (2013), does not have the ability to account for what initially sets it in motion. The dashed line on Figure9represents a disconnection from (to be cut-off-from) the ontological soil that will result in a diminished appreciation of the H-T-W relationship.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Safekeeping of Being - A Leadership Responsibility

Harris¹

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Human existence is one entangled with technologies where humans attribute meaning, value and importance to technologies as they integrate them into their daily existence. Technology change frequently creates ethically potent circumstances requiring a response from leaders. This research considers how public-sector leaders might ethically guide existential technology change. The research draws on selected ontological and phenomenological ideas in light of contemporary leadership thinking and public-sector leadership practice to develop a conceptual model. The model illustrates the uncertain, ambiguous and confused state that hinders leaders’ ability to guide technology change. Its central node is ontological ambiguity, which is probed further in order to provide a foundation for leaders to guide technology change. The primary proposition is that contemporary leadership presents a diminished and disoriented position to the mediated relation humans have with technology and that an ontological perspective can help public-sector leaders who govern existentially-mediating technologies to overcome limitations in their practice.

show abstract

Social Behavior

Cited by 11 publications

References 18 publications

Kinship and association in a highly social apex predator population, killer whales at Marion Island

Kinship and association in a highly social apex predator population, killer whales at Marion Island

An experimental assessment of social tolerance and den ecology in a high-density octopus population

The Safekeeping of Being - A Leadership Responsibility

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About