Social capital and cognitive decline in the aftermath of a natural disaster: a natural experiment from the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami

Hikichi, Hiroyuki; Tsuboya, Toru; Aida, Jun; Matsuyama, Yusuke; Kondo, Katsunori; Subramanian, S. V.; Kawachi, Ichiro

doi:10.1016/s2542-5196(17)30041-4

Cited by 89 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…We selected representative items of neighborhood‐based individual social capital based on the World Bank's social capital questionnaire for assessing relationships to the outer neighborhood. Cognitive social capital was measured by trust in neighbors and perceived neighborhood safety . The former variable was evaluated by asking trust in people in the neighborhood nearby.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The structural social capital plays a strong role in determining the social ties and social participation among older adults, which can influence cognitive function and psychological wellbeing . A rich body of research has found that structural aspects of neighborhood‐based social capital, such as community participation and social activity, are positively associated with cognitive function among older adults . These studies document that communities endowed with higher stocks of social capital are better equipped to preserve higher cognitive function among older adults.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Social capital is recognized as a multi‐dimensional concept, which can be further broken down into cognitive and structural components . The potential mechanisms that have been hypothesized on cognitive social capital, which defined as individuals' perceived social relations and norms in their community (eg, stronger bonds of trust between community members, neighborhood safety), includes gaining of instrumental support and social reinforcement . For older adults, the neighborhood becomes more important because they spend more time at home .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The negative effect of the neighborhood on cognition may be intensified by difficulties in accessing outside resources and interacting in the neighborhood due to lack of trust and safety . Structural social capital, which captures peoples' objective behaviors (eg, community participation), is relevant to the encouragement of tight social networks and collective efficacy to undertake collective actions . The structural social capital plays a strong role in determining the social ties and social participation among older adults, which can influence cognitive function and psychological wellbeing .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neighborhood‐based social capital and cognitive function among older adults in five low‐ and middle‐income countries: Evidence from the World Health Organization Study on global AGEing and adult health

Jiang

Lü

et al. 2019

Int J Geriat Psychiatry

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Objectives This study aims to investigate which neighborhood‐based social capital components are associated with a higher level of cognitive function in LMICs. Methods This international population‐based study used cross‐sectional survey data from the World Health Organization's Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE), a study of adults aged 50 years or older in China, Ghana, India, the Russian Federation, and South Africa from 2007 through 2010 (N = 29 528). Associations between neighborhood‐based social capital indicators (trust in neighbors, perceived neighborhood safety, and community participation) and cognitive function were examined using ordinary least squares regressions and random‐effects meta‐analyses. Results Results of the meta‐analyses of within‐country effects indicated that trust in neighbors were positively associated with cognitive function across India, Russia, and Ghana, but negatively associated in South Africa (β = −0.041, SE = .013, P < .01) and no effect in China (P > .05). The significant effect of perceived neighborhood safety was only found in South Africa (β = 0.051, SE = .007, P < .001) and China (β = 0.030, SE = .005, P < .001). Community participation approached a null effect in South Africa (P > .05). Discussion Different indicators of neighborhood‐based social capital, which are well‐established protective resources for cognitive function, may have varied relationships with cognitive function cross‐nationally. This finding provides a better understanding of the mechanisms by which neighborhood social capital may contribute to better cognitive function in LMICs than high‐income countries, potentially due to differences in neighborhood environments, health systems, and availability of public resources.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Neighborhood‐based social capital and cognitive function among older adults in five low‐ and middle‐income countries: Evidence from the World Health Organization Study on global AGEing and adult health

Jiang

Lü

et al. 2019

Int J Geriat Psychiatry

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“…More recently, Hikichi et al (2017) took advantage of a unique natural experiment to capture the buffer effect of SC on threats to cognitive function. This research prospectively examined the association between changes in SC and cognitive function, before and after the 2011 great east Japan earthquake and tsunami.…”

Section: So Cial C Apital and Neurolog Ic Al Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social capital: Implications for neurology

2018

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Social capital (SC) is a broad term that encompasses the many resources derived from social connections. The contemporary study of SC in public health has deep roots in the related fields of sociology, economics, and politics. Its multidisciplinary nature and the varying potential ways it could affect individuals have resulted in different but overlapping models to approach SC in the health field. There are currently no standardized measures of SC, and even more challenging its impact on health outcomes seems to vary according to the level of analysis. Despite the accumulating evidence that supports a protective effect of SC on mental and physical health, and mortality, not enough attention has been paid to the potential drawbacks of SC. The role of SC in neurological disease is just beginning to be explored. Concerted efforts are needed to ensure that empirical evidence on SC could be properly translated into interventions for health‐promoting purposes. In this paper, we review the current state of scientific knowledge on the subject of SC, with a focus on its application in the field of neurology.

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Evaluation of Trust Within a Community After Survivor Relocation Following the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami

et al. 2020

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IMPORTANCE Trust is a core component of social cohesion, facilitating cooperation and collective action in the face of adversity and enabling survivors to remain resilient. Residential stability is an important prerequisite of developing trusting relations among community members. However, little is known about whether the movement of internally displaced persons (IDPs) after a disaster might change community relations. OBJECTIVE We explored perceived changes in trust within 1 community directly impacted by the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This prospective cohort study examined survey data from 3594 residents of Iwanuma City, Japan, aged 65 years or older. Data were obtained from the Iwanuma Study-part of the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study, a nationwide cohort study established in 2010-approximately 7 months before the disaster. All Iwanuma City residents age 65 years or older (8576 residents) were eligible to participate in 2010. The response rate was 59.0% (5058 residents). A follow-up survey was conducted in 2013, approximately 2.5 years after the disaster. Of the 4380 remaining participants who answered the baseline survey, 3594 were recontacted (follow-up rate, 82.1%). Data analysis was performed from July 1, 2019, to January 9, 2020. EXPOSURES The number of temporarily relocated Iwanuma City survivors within 100 m and 250 m of a nonrelocated resident's home address. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Perceived changes in particularized trust (ie, trusting people from the same community) and generalized trust (trusting people from other communities) measured on a 5-point Likert scale. RESULTS Among 3250 nonrelocated residents (1808 [55.6%] women; mean [SD] age, 76.5 [6.2] years) of Iwanuma City included in the analytic sample, multivariable-adjusted multinomial logistic regression analyses found that each standard deviation increase in the influx of internally displaced persons (1 SD = 11 IDPs) within 250 m of a resident's home address was associated with higher odds of a decrease in the resident's particularized and generalized trust (odds ratio, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.04-1.32). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The influx of IDPs in the host community appeared to be associated with an erosion of trust among locals. To avoid the erosion of social cohesion after a disaster, it may be crucial to provide opportunities for social interaction between old and new residents of communities.

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Social capital and cognitive decline in the aftermath of a natural disaster: a natural experiment from the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami

Cited by 89 publications

References 18 publications

Neighborhood‐based social capital and cognitive function among older adults in five low‐ and middle‐income countries: Evidence from the World Health Organization Study on global AGEing and adult health

Neighborhood‐based social capital and cognitive function among older adults in five low‐ and middle‐income countries: Evidence from the World Health Organization Study on global AGEing and adult health

Social capital: Implications for neurology

Evaluation of Trust Within a Community After Survivor Relocation Following the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami

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