Social cognition and the course of social functioning in first‐episode psychosis

Woolverton, Cindy; Bell, Emily K.; Moe, Aubrey M.; Harrison-Monroe, Patricia; Breitborde, Nicholas J. K.

doi:10.1111/eip.12432

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(92 reference statements)

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“…However, they are not considered a unitary construct encompassing two different domains, diminished expression including alogia and blunted affect, and avolition-apathy referring to experiential deficits, including asociality, avolition and anhedonia [19][20][21], that have been consistently replicated regardless of the measurement instrument used [22][23][24]. Negative symptoms are present in the prodromal and initial stages of the disease, are persistent, worsen with age [9], behave independently of cognition or affectivity [25], present a lack of response to pharmacological treatment [26], and importantly, are the most distressing for the family and the main determinants of impairment in functioning and quality of life, which have now become the main therapeutic targets in people with schizophrenia [27][28][29] both in early and chronic stages [8,27,[29][30][31][32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Negative Symptoms on Functioning and Quality of Life in First Psychotic Episodes of Schizophrenia

García‐Fernández

Romero‐Ferreiro

Sánchez-Pastor

et al. 2022

JCM

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Negative symptoms are not considered a unitary construct encompassing two different domains, diminished expression, and avolition-apathy. The aim of this study was to explore the relationships between each domain and psychosocial functioning and quality of life in people with a first psychotic episode of schizophrenia. In total, 61 outpatients were assessed with the Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms (CAINS), The Functioning Assesment Short Test (FAST) and The Quality of Life Scale (QLS). The mean global score for CAINS was 21.5 (SD: 15.6), with a CAINS Avolition-Apathy (MAP) score of 17.0 (SD: 11.8), and CAINS Diminished Expression (EXP) score of 4.5 (SD: 5.0). The mean FAST score was 31.9 (SD: 18.9), and 41.1 (SD: 17.9) for QLS. Linear regression analysis revealed a significant (F(4,53) = 15.65, p < 0.001) relationship between MAP and EXP CAINS’ score and FAST score. CAINS-MAP was more predictive of FAST scores (β = 0.44, p = 0.001) than CAINS-EXP (β = 0.37, p = 0.007). Linear regression analysis for QLS revealed a significant model (F(4,56) = 29.29, p < 0.001). The standardized regression weight for the CAINS-MAP was around three times greater (β = −0.63, p < 0.001) than for CAINS-EXP (β = −0.24, p = 0.024). The two different domains are associated differently with functionality and quality of life.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Negative Symptoms on Functioning and Quality of Life in First Psychotic Episodes of Schizophrenia

García‐Fernández

Romero‐Ferreiro

Sánchez-Pastor

et al. 2022

JCM

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“…Moreover, as commented above, a recent study found that social cognition acts as a mediator between cognitive reserve and global functioning, and also between verbal memory and global functioning ( 46 ). However, in another study ( 30 ) there were no longitudinal associations between social cognition at baseline and any measure of social functioning at 6-month follow-up. These results held both with and without corrections for multiple comparisons.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…This point has been partially consistent with the results of our review. A study ( 34 ) applied an optimal statistical analysis for testing causality, and observed that baseline social cognition impairment led to worse real-world functioning in a 12-month follow-up; however, another two studies ( 29 , 30 ) did not find such a relationship, one of them find some cross-sectional associations but it did not test for in the follow-up ( 29 ), and the other ( 30 ) did not find significance for the longitudinal associations. In addition, some authors have suggested that social cognition would play a mediating role in between neurocognition and outcomes of social functionality, which would underline its importance from a clinical point of view, especially when detecting a first episode and undertaking early intervention ( 50 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognition and social functioning in first episode psychosis: A systematic review of longitudinal studies

2023

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IntroductionThis systematic review aimed to answer whether we can predict subsequent social functioning in first episode psychosis (FEP) by means of an initial cognitive examination. In order to do this, we gathered longitudinal studies which evaluated neurocognition and/or social cognition regarding their impact on long-term social functioning of FEP patients.MethodsThe MOOSE method was employed and 28 studies covering data from a total of 2572 patients with longitudinal trajectories from 2 months to 5 years were reviewed.ResultsIn general, cognitive deficits impacted on the social functioning of the FEP patients across the time. The neurocognitive domains which most closely predicted social functioning were processing speed, sustained attention and working memory. An overall cognitive dysfunction, low IQ and the academic trajectory were also found predictive. Regarding social cognition, the findings were not unanimous.DiscussionIn addition of the impact of each variable, several of the articles found a complex relationship between social cognition, neurocognition, social functioning and negative symptoms, pointing social cognition as a modulator of neurocognition but being modulated as well by negative symptoms. The principal clinical implication of this review is that the initial assessment of FEP patients and their rehabilitation must take cognition into account.

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“…One possible explanation for these inconsistencies is that the relationship between social cognition and social functioning is mainly accounted for by other factors. For instance, one study showed that the association between measures of social cognition and social functioning disappeared when neurocognition was controlled for (Woolverton et al, 2018). Based on these findings it is argued that, although a link between a traditionally-measured social functioning and social cognition was established, the lack of subjective, ecologically-valid perspective prevents it from being clinically and mechanistically relevant.…”

Section: Social Cognition: a Prerequisite For Social Functioning?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Time to Get Social: Adaptive Social Processes in the Daily Lives of Youth (Full PhD thesis)

Achterhof¹

2022

Preprint

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To better understand the development of mental health problems, it is of fundamental importance to focus on both adolescence – as this is the age period where most psychopathology develops – and social processes – as psychological distress is largely interpersonal in nature. In addition, certain parenting styles are strong predictors of both social and mental health outcomes. However, relatively little is known about how these different factors interrelate in adolescent day-to-day life. Within this dissertation, we draw on data collected with the Experience Sampling Method to gain a greater, more ecologically valid insight into the relationship between parenting, social processes, and psychopathology in adolescents.In Chapter 3, we present the case for why assessments of social processes require a greater consideration of ecological validity – and of daily life. Social cognition assessments in psychosis are discussed, but the arguments posited here are relevant for all types of social assessments in mental health research.In Chapters 4 to 6, the interrelationships between parenting, psychopathology, and daily-life social interactions are studied in three empirical studies using two large adolescent experience sampling data sets. In Chapter 4, we find how parental care and control are largely related to the experienced quality of daily-life social interactions rather than to its quantity. A similar finding is reported in Chapter 5, where we see consistent associations between the quality of daily-life social interactions and mean psychopathology level – and less consistent relationships between the quantity of social interactions and psychopathology. Finally, in Chapter 6, these relationships are investigated in one comprehensive model, including more specific parenting styles, and daily social interactions in different companies. In this model, paternal autonomy support and an altered quality of daily social interactions have unique associations with psychopathology levels. Taken together, these findings indicate a particular relevance of the quality of day-to-day social interactions for better understanding psychopathological development. As the social lives of contemporary adolescents are happening largely online as well as offline, in Chapter 7, we assess how adolescents experience online vs. face-to-face social interactions at the moment that they engage in them. We find how participants report more affective benefits when engaging in face-to-face interactions compared to online interactions, and, in contrast to our hypotheses, we report no moderating effects of social resources on the strength of these benefits. The investigation of adolescents` social lives and their relation with mental health became much more relevant as COVID-19 hit, when restrictions prevented people from interacting with each other. In the last study, presented in Chapter 8, we investigate differences in young people’s mental health and day-to-day social interactions, from before the pandemic to early in the pandemic (May 2020). We find how face-to-face interactions decreased and online interactions increased, but more surprisingly, that general psychopathology levels were lower than expected and that anxiety levels had even decreased. Moreover, the relationship between the quality of social interactions and psychopathology had become stronger during the pandemic, indicating the relevance of high-quality social interaction during times of social deprivation. In sum, in this thesis, I target the uniquely relevant momentary social interaction to better understand the social development of young people – and to assess when this might go awry. Across all studies, the quality of social interactions seems fundamentally important. Cross-level relationships seem to exist between general parenting perceptions and how social interactions are experienced in the moment, and between those daily-life social experiences and psychopathology levels. Future research should further disentangle these processes longitudinally to gain greater insight into the temporal ordering of these relationships. Finally, for the development of momentary interventions aimed at relieving social distress, a focus on the quality rather than the quantity of social behaviors is likely most helpful.

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Social cognition and the course of social functioning in first‐episode psychosis

Cited by 9 publications

References 50 publications

Impact of Negative Symptoms on Functioning and Quality of Life in First Psychotic Episodes of Schizophrenia

Impact of Negative Symptoms on Functioning and Quality of Life in First Psychotic Episodes of Schizophrenia

Cognition and social functioning in first episode psychosis: A systematic review of longitudinal studies

Time to Get Social: Adaptive Social Processes in the Daily Lives of Youth (Full PhD thesis)

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