Social-cognitive risk factors for violence in psychosis: A discriminant function analysis

Abstract

It has been proposed that mixed findings in studies investigating social cognition as a risk factor for violence in psychosis may be explained by utilizing a framework distinguishing between social-cognitive tests which measure relatively more basic operations (e.g. facial affect recognition) and measures of more complex operations (mentalizing, metacognition). The current study investigated which social cognitive and metacognitive processes are related to a violent history over and above illness-related deficits. Data from control participants (n = 33), patients with a psychotic disorder and no violent history (n = 27), and patients with a psychotic disorder in a forensic clinic (n = 23) were analyzed utilizing discriminant analysis. Metacognition and associative learning emerged as significant factors in predicting group membership between the three groups. In a follow-up analysis between only the patient groups, metacognitive Self-Reflectivity and Empathic Accuracy emerged as statistically significant predictors of group membership. The control group presented with higher levels of social cognitive and metacognitive capacity than patient groups, and the forensic patient group had lower levels than the non-forensic patient group. Our findings support previous research findings implying impaired metacognitive Self-Reflectivity in particular as a risk factor for violence.

Measuring personal recovery in people with a psychotic disorder based on CHIME: A comparison of three validated measures

“…Furthermore, Liberman (2012) argues that personal recovery is not a scientific construct and should therefore not be measured as an outcome in research. In an opinion paper, Bellack (2006) observed that the validity of self‐assessment of personal experiences can be argued in patients with psychosis because of impaired reasoning and reality distortion (Bellack 2006; de Jong et al 2018).…”

Dynamic Interactive Social Cognition Training in Virtual Reality (DiSCoVR) for People With a Psychotic Disorder: Single-Group Feasibility and Acceptability Study

“…Empathic Accuracy Task (EAT [ 32 ]; Dutch version [ 33 ]) is a computerized video task measuring empathy, with clips of people speaking about emotionally charged autobiographical events with either a positive or a negative valence. Conforming to previous studies [ 34 , 35 ], a shortened version (4 videos; 2 positive and 2 negative) was used. Parallel versions were administered, using counterbalanced randomization.…”

Metacognitive deficits and social functioning in schizophrenia across symptom profiles: A latent class analysis

“…Other studies have found metacognition predicted social functioning prospectively over a 5-month interval (Lysaker et al, 2011b) and that changes in metacognitive capacity were associated with improvements in social skills (Inchausti et al, 2017a). Support for a link between metacognition and social functioning can also be found in research suggesting that metacognitive deficits predict multiple psychological constructs and biological processes believed to be cornerstones of social functioning, including intrinsic motivation (Luther et al, 2016(Luther et al, , 2017, complexity of social schema (Lysaker et al, 2010b), anhedonia (Buck et al, 2014), aggression (de Jong et al, 2018), sense of social connection (Kukla, Lysaker, & Salyers, 2013), empathy (Bonfils, Lysaker, Minor, & Salyers, 2018;WeiMing, Yi, Lysaker, & Kai, 2015), and levels of oxytocin (Aydin, Lysaker, Balıkçı, Ü nal-Aydın, & Esen-Danacı, 2018).…”