“…When an intruder mouse is attacked frequently and eventually displays the characteristic defeat response pattern (upright posture, retracted fore limbs, vocalizations), it develops an opioid-like analgesia. This analgesia is blocked by centrally acting mu-opioid receptor antagonists, and is concurrent with elevated beta-endorphin and met-enkephalin levels in several brain regions (Siegfried et al, 1984; Teskey et al, 1984; Rodgers & Randall, 1985; Miczek et al, 1986; Külling et al, 1988; Miczek et al, 1991). Similarly, acutely defeated rats show a potentiated analgesic response to mu and delta opioid receptor agonists ([ d -Ala 2 , N -Me-Phe 4 Gly 5 -ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO) and [ d -Pen 2 , d -Pen 5 ]-enkephalin (DPDPE), respectively), and this potentiation is reversed by the receptor-selective antagonists, involving receptor sites in the periaqueductal grey area (Vivian & Miczek, 1998; Vivian & Miczek, 1999).…”