Social Construction and White Attitudes toward Equal Opportunity and Multiculturalism

Link, Michael; Oldendick, Robert W.

doi:10.2307/2960353

Cited by 40 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 18 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Importantly, the racial outgroups in our study also differed in perceived social status. Chinese American individuals and East Asians in general, often referred to as a model minority, are typically regarded as having a higher social status than African Americans (Bobo and Zubrinsky, 1996; Fiske et al, 2007; Link and Oldendick, 1996; Weaver, 2008), and by certain metrics have even been regarded as having a similar or even higher status than European Americans (Wong et al, 1998). Thus, it is possible that the greater recruitment of imitation-related neural structures during imitation of African Americans reflects a reduced propensity of participants to imitate these individuals in their daily lives due to the lower status attributed to this minority group, similar to the prestige and success related imitation biases described by Boyd and Richerson (1987).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One would also not expect this effect to diminish with practice, as perceptions of self-similarity related to race presumably remain constant over time. In contrast, if unfamiliarity with imitating those from groups perceived to be low in status is driving increased activity when imitating African Americans, then African and European Americans should exhibit similar neural activity during imitation of African Americans, as individuals from both racial groups have been found to rate African Americans as having lower status (Bobo and Zubrinsky, 1996; Fiske et al, 2007; Link and Oldendick, 1996; Weaver, 2008). In this case, one would predict that enhanced activity during imitation of African Americans would diminish with practice in line with evidence that imitating familiar actions is associated with decreased neural activity compared to imitating more novel actions (Buccino et al, 2004; Vogt et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We chose these two outgroups both because they represent the two most populous racial minorities in the United States (Humes et al, 2011) and because they differ in a number of other factors for which race is a proxy (e.g., perceived social status). White Americans typically report more positive attitudes about Asians than African Americans both in general (Link and Oldendick, 1996) and as social partners including neighbors (Bobo and Zubrinsky, 1996; Weaver, 2008) and spouses (Weaver, 2008). African Americans are also consistently viewed as having a lower social status than East Asians among U.S. minority groups (Fiske et al, 1999, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Race modulates neural activity during imitation

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Imitation plays a central role in the acquisition of culture. People preferentially imitate others who are self-similar, prestigious or successful. Because race can indicate a person's self-similarity or status, race influences whom people imitate. Prior studies of the neural underpinnings of imitation have not considered the effects of race. Here we measured neural activity with fMRI while European American participants imitated meaningless gestures performed by actors of their own race, and two racial outgroups, African American, and Chinese American. Participants also passively observed the actions of these actors and their portraits. Frontal, parietal and occipital areas were differentially activated while participants imitated actors of different races. More activity was present when imitating African Americans than the other racial groups, perhaps reflecting participants' reported lack of experience with and negative attitudes towards this group, or the group's lower perceived social status. This pattern of neural activity was not found when participants passively observed the gestures of the actors or simply looked at their faces. Instead, during face-viewing neural responses were overall greater for own-race individuals, consistent with prior race perception studies not involving imitation. Our findings represent a first step in elucidating neural mechanisms involved in cultural learning, a process that influences almost every aspect of our lives but has thus far received little neuroscientific study.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Race modulates neural activity during imitation

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Relative to other racial groups, Whites’ maintain the strongest negative opinions towards African Americans, as evidenced by housing preferences and group beliefs (Link and Oldendick 1996, Emerson et al 2001). Further, African Americans have a long racialised history in the U.S.A., whereas Latinos’ and Asians’ discriminatory experiences are likely influenced by migration and integration (Brondolo et al 2011).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dimensions of racism and their impact on partner selection among men of colour who have sex with men: understanding pathways to sexual risk

Ayala²,

Paul

et al. 2013

Culture, Health & Sexuality

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

While many studies have established the relationship between experiences of racism and sexual risk among men who have sex with men of colour, the pathways by which this occurs are underdeveloped. To address this gap, we must better investigate the lived realities of racism in the gay community. In this study, we had the unique opportunity to examine experiences of racism among African American, Latino and Asian/Pacific Islander men who have sex with men living in Los Angeles through focus groups and individual in-depth interviews. We found three themes of racism: exclusion from West Hollywood and the mainstream gay community, sexual rejection based on race/ethnicity, and sexual stereotypes. There were differences across the three racial groups in the experiences of each theme, however. We then considered how racism impacted partner selection and found that race played a salient role in determining power differentials within mixed-race partnerships. Finally, we discussed several future areas for research that can better establish pathways between racism and sexual risk.

show abstract

“…Most notably, an expansive literature on so-called "race coded" issues finds that opposition among White Americans to spending programs (Goren, 2003(Goren, , 2008Jacoby, 2000), social security (Winter, 2006), welfare (Foster, 2008;Fox, 2004;Peffley, Hurwitz, & Sniderman, 1997), and affirmative action (Reyna, Henry, Korfmacher & Tucker, 2006;Sears & Henry, 2003;Sidanius & Pratto, 1999) is heavily associated with negative views of African Americans. 1 Related findings exist in the social construction literature, where stereotypes are among the most heavily studied social constructs (Kinder & Sanders, 1990;Link & Oldendick, 1996;A. Schneider & Ingram, 1993;Sears, Hensler, & Speer, 1979).…”

Section: The Effect Of Stereotypes On Policy Preferencesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Socioeconomic Stereotypes

Ragusa

2014

American Politics Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Motivated by research showing that policy preferences are driven by socialinterests rather than strict self-interest, this article examines if stereotypes of "the rich" shape Americans' tax policy preferences. For this project, an original free-response survey was designed asking respondents to describe "the rich." Respondents offered 1,570 unique descriptions, ranging from "hard working" and "job producer" to "selfish" and "inheritance." In the analysis, these stereotypes were modeled in three ways: (a) as affective stereotypes, (b) as discrete categories, and (c) as deservingness stereotypes. There are three main findings. First, political ideology and affective stereotypes have large and statistically indistinguishable effects on tax policy preferences. Second, deservingness stereotypes-in particular, whether the rich exhibit dispositional and prosocial characteristics-have particularly large effects on preferences for taxing the wealthy. And third, both affective and deservingness stereotypes have an interactive effect with personal ideology. For self-described liberals, preferences for taxing the wealthy are largely a function of ideological considerations. For conservatives, however, tax policy preferences are determined by a mix of ideology and stereotypes. In sum, the findings suggest that stereotypes affect policy preferences even when the target belongs to an advantaged group and the policy domain is nonracial.

show abstract

Social Construction and White Attitudes toward Equal Opportunity and Multiculturalism

Cited by 40 publications

References 18 publications

Race modulates neural activity during imitation

Race modulates neural activity during imitation

Dimensions of racism and their impact on partner selection among men of colour who have sex with men: understanding pathways to sexual risk

Socioeconomic Stereotypes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About