Social Construction of Target Populations: Implications for Politics and Policy

Schneider, Anne L.; Ingram, Helen

doi:10.2307/2939044

Cited by 1,885 publications

(1,705 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…A second way that social policies lead to increased stigmatization is through symbolic messages of moral condemnation (Schneider and Ingram 1993). Policies designed to punish or segregate a designated group of individuals from others may be particularly stigma generating.…”

Section: Policy and Stigmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking and the emergence of a stigmatized social status

Stuber

Galea

Link

2008

Social Science & Medicine

364

334

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An increase in the social unacceptability of smoking has dramatically decreased tobacco use in the USA. However, how policies (e.g., smoke free air laws) and social factors (e.g., social norms) drive the social unacceptability of tobacco use are not well understood. New research suggests that the stigmatization of smokers is an unrecognized force in the tobacco epidemic and could be one such mechanism. Thus, it is important to investigate the sources of smoker-related stigmatization as perceived by current and former smokers. In this study we draw on the broader literature about stigma formation in the context of the tobacco epidemic and examine the role of attribution, fear, tobacco control policies, power and social norms in the formation of smoker-related stigma. We test hypotheses about the determinants of stigma using a population-based sample of 816 current and former smokers in New York City. The results show that perceptions of individual attributions for smoking behavior and fear about the health consequences of second hand smoke are important influences on smoker-related stigmatization. Structural forms of discrimination perpetrated against smokers and former smokers (e.g., company policies against hiring smokers) are also related to smoker-related stigma. Respondents with more education perceive more smoker-related stigma than respondents with less education and, Black and Latino respondents perceive less smokerrelated stigma than White respondents. Social norms, specifically family and friends' expressed disapproval of smoking, contribute to the formation of smoker-related stigma. These findings suggest important points of leverage to harness the powerful role of stigma in the smoking epidemic and raise concerns about the possible role of stigma in the production of smoking disparities.

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Section: Policy and Stigmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking and the emergence of a stigmatized social status

Stuber

Galea

Link

2008

Social Science & Medicine

364

334

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“…Two theories from political science, social construction and agenda setting, inform this analysis and provide useful frameworks to better explain which issues end up becoming priorities. ''Social construction'' refers to the idea that broad societal concerns influence how particular issues or problems are portrayed and, as a result, how those issues are perceived [14,15]. ''Agenda setting'' refers to the process by which an issue is placed on a policy or political agenda.…”

Section: Advocacy and Political Process: The Missing Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

The Politics of Priority Setting for Reproductive Health: Breast and Cervical Cancer in Ghana

Reichenbach¹

2002

Reproductive Health Matters

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“…Furthermore, we assume that perceptions of policy actors are absolutely inescapable in the public policy field, as well in political science (Peters 2001), as shown by Wilson (1973) in his well-known typology of public policies, and by Schneider and Ingraham (1993) in their typology of policy targets.…”

Section: The Drivers Of Instrument Selection: Legitimacy and Instrumementioning

confidence: 99%

How policy instruments are chosen: patterns of decision makers’ choices

2016

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Policy instruments are a fundamental component of public policies. Policy instruments are often a result of mediation within the policy design process, whenever decision makers reshape existing instruments without introducing any real innovation. This results in imitation, layering and ambiguity in tool choice selection, and raises the theoretical problem of the logic according to which decision makers choose certain specific policy instruments rather than others. Decision makers may have different reasons for choosing certain specific instruments, although these reasons should be connected to the two main purposes of decision-making, that is, the search for effectiveness and the construction of a shared sense, a common acceptance. Thus, the choice of instruments is a question of potentially conflicting drivers that decision makers have to cope with within a specific decisional situation, when asked to solve those problems that have arisen. This paper examines this question and offers an analytical framework based on the two main factors in terms of which the selection of instruments is channelled and assessed: legitimacy and instrumentality. The boundaries created by how decision makers perceive these two dimensions mean that only four selection patterns can be chosen by decision makers: hybridization, stratification, contamination or routinization.

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Social Construction of Target Populations: Implications for Politics and Policy

Cited by 1,885 publications

References 11 publications

Smoking and the emergence of a stigmatized social status

Smoking and the emergence of a stigmatized social status

The Politics of Priority Setting for Reproductive Health: Breast and Cervical Cancer in Ghana

How policy instruments are chosen: patterns of decision makers’ choices

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