Social Darwinism in American Thought, 1860-1915

From Darwinian Metaphysics towards Understanding the Evolution of Evolutionary Mechanisms

“…458 Already Hofstadter in his canonical book on socio-Darwinism has pointed out that the term 'SocioDarwinism' had been used with meanings besides laissez-faire capitalism, i. e. struggle between nations or artificial breeding policy. 459 Bowler even pointed out that it was possible to associate almost every social and political position to biological 'Darwinism' -but I think this had only been the case if we take the wide Victorian understanding of 'Darwinian' biology into account, which Bowler himself has illustrated. 460 Apart from this, I think Greene is right in arguing that Darwin, based on his biological theory, Spencer, Th.…”

Behaviorism: Some truths that need telling, some errors that need correcting

“…In our society , this ambit ion is often traced to Karl Marx. When the time comes to ascertain if and how Marx could have influenced Watson, we will first look to George Sylvester Morris, the Hegalian scholar whose devoted student was John Dewey, who himself stoutly believed in the social import and responsibility of the intelligentsia (Hofstadter, 1955). The early use of the word "control" in Watson's lexicon need be no more than the determinist trying to achieve full control of research variables.…”

A racialização do mundo

“…Independentemente de suas características étnicas, desenvolvem ideologias raciais, 17 Cf. Hofstadter (1967); Davis (1970);Frazier (1957);Wolf (1982); Panikkar (1977); Said (1990).…”