Social determinants and changes in energy drink consumption among adolescents in Norway, 2017–2019: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

ObjectivesTo describe the social determinants and development in energy drink consumption among Norwegian adolescents in 2017, 2018 and 2019.DesignCross-sectional, online, annual, nationwide surveys (Ungdata).SettingResponses collected online from January 2017 to December 2019.ParticipantsLower and upper secondary school students (n=297 102) aged 12–19 years who responded in 2017, 2018 and 2019.Main outcome measuresFrequency of energy drink consumption.ResultsOver the 3-year period, 66.4% of the men and 41.8% of the women had consumed energy drink once a week or more. The proportion of female high consumers (consuming energy drink more than four times a week) increased from 3.3% to 4.9% between 2017 and 2019; for male, the increase was from 9.8% to 11.5%. In females, the proportion of high consumers increased with 24% (relative risk; CI) (1.24; 1.09 to 1.41) from 2017 to 2018 and 46% (1.46; 1.31 to 1.62) from 2017 to 2019. The corresponding increases in males were 10% (1.10; 1.01 to 1.20) from 2017 to 2018 and 12% (1.12; 1.05 to 1.19) from 2017 to 2019. Any energy drink consumption as well as high energy drink consumption were independently associated with school level, less central residency, low socioeconomic status, physical inactivity and high leisure screen time.ConclusionWe found an increase in high consumers among both boys and girls between 2017 and 2019. The observed increase in energy drink consumption among adolescents can explain some of the increased sales of energy drink in Norway.

Energy drinks and alcohol use among adolescents: A longitudinal study

“…The consumption of energy drinks among adolescents has increased rapidly in recent years and has been characterized as a growing problem (Reissig et al, 2009). A study from Norway estimated that in 2019, 30% of adolescents consumed energy drinks at least once a week (Kaldenbach et al, 2021).…”

The Impact of Promotional Activities on the Purchase and Repurchase Intention of Energy Drinks in Yemen Under Different Levels of Awareness of the Potential Adverse Effects

“…By doing so, we respond to many calls for further investigations into awareness of the PAEEDs (Chaudhry et al, 2022; Kaur et al, 2022). With the rapid growth of the ED market in recent years in many countries (Al-Shaar et al, 2017; Phillips et al, 2021), including Yemen as a less developed country (Kaldenbach et al, 2021), promotional activities are still practised by EDs companies, targeting young people in particular (Wiggers et al, 2019). As for the effect of awareness of PíAEEDs on the consumer’s PI driven by promotional activities, the results indicated the inhibitory role of awareness.…”

“…This is a concern for many countries and professional organizations due to the potential health dangers linked with the consumption of EDs. This made them try to restrict this expansion and growth, but these attempts were limited; for example, the Norwegian Food Safety Authority has ruled that children and adolescents should not consume more than 2.5 mg/kg of caffeine per day (Kaldenbach et al, 2021). In addition, some European countries (e.g., England, Latvia, and Lithuania) have imposed age limitations on selling EDs (Nuss et al, 2021).…”

Norwegian adolescents’ use of energy drinks and painkillers and misuse of prescription drugs prior to and during the initial COVID-19 pandemic year: Evidence from the MyLife study

“…While other factors may have driven these trends [26], we believe that the observed differences can be primarily attributed to the COVID-19 conditions. First, these two socio-demographically matched adolescent cohorts were separated only by one calendar year, but it was a year marked by the pandemic and pandemic-curbing measures.…”