Social Determinants of Health in the COVID-19 Pandemic Context of the Migrant Population Living in Settlements in Spain

Allande‐Cussó, Regina; García-Iglesias, Juan Jesús; Miranda-Plata, Rosario; Pichardo-Hexamer, Rocío; Ruiz‐Frutos, Carlos; Gómez‐Salgado, Juan

doi:10.3389/ijph.2022.1604628

Cited by 7 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Their legal situation has repercussions on their access to regular work, decent housing and their state of health. In Spain, according to data from the National Institute of Statistics (2021), it is estimated that 19.7% of the population lives in precarious housing and informal settlements (ISs), which in the case of IMs reaches more than 60% (Allande‐Cussó et al, 2022). In these settlements, there is a lack of hygiene, access to health services and protective measures against diseases such as COVID‐19 (García et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are characterized by a lack of basic services such as drinking water, electricity, sanitation or garbage collection. The overcrowding and unhealthy conditions that characterize ISs show some of the deficiencies that affect the health of IMs (Allande‐Cussó et al, 2022; García et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Responses to prevent rapid transmission of the virus include handwashing, use of masks, social distancing (McNeely et al, 2020), quarantine and vaccination of the entire population (Thomas et al, 2021). However, the lack of space and overcrowding in ISs make physical distancing and self‐quarantine impossible, which can lead to the rapid spread of COVID‐19 (Allande‐Cussó et al, 2022; McNeely et al, 2020). Furthermore, there is a lack of commitment to protect the most vulnerable populations such as IMs who, due to their legal status, have limited access to health care (Thomas et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, there is a lack of commitment to protect the most vulnerable populations such as IMs who, due to their legal status, have limited access to health care (Thomas et al, 2021). IMs face exclusion from digital health resources (Bastick & Mallet‐Garcia, 2022), a lack of information and awareness of their health rights, barriers to accessing COVID‐19 vaccination services (Bartovic et al, 2021) and difficulty in complying with prevention measures during the pandemic (Allande‐Cussó et al, 2022). Patient‐centred care includes proper information and assessment, which builds IMs' trust in healthcare providers (Sevinç et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to their proximity to ISs, community health nurses play an important role in reducing discrimination, promoting effective measures to address health inequalities, and protecting IMs during pandemics (Corburn et al, 2020; Thomas et al, 2021). Although there are studies on the impact of COVID‐19 on this population (Allande‐Cussó et al, 2022), access to vaccination for COVID‐19 (Thomas et al, 2021), living and health conditions in ISs (García et al, 2021) or on the role of nursing in migrants' health (Granero‐Molina et al, 2022), few studies have analysed IMs' experiences of health disparities while living in ISs during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The WHO's (2022) SDH model distinguishes three determinants: individual or proximal, intermediate and structural, allowing us to study the health inequalities faced by IMs living in ISs, with the aim of improving equitable access to health care, and promoting effective vaccination campaigns against COVID‐19.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Irregular migrants' experiences of health disparities while living in informal settlements during the COVID‐19 pandemic

Jiménez-Lasserrotte

Granero‐Molina

Galindo

et al. 2023

Journal of Advanced Nursing

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Aims:The objective of this study was to describe and understand irregular migrants' (IMs') experiences of health disparities while living in informal settlements (ISs) during the COVID-19 pandemic.Design: Qualitative descriptive study. Methods: Thirty-four IMs originating from different African countries living in ISs took part in this study. Data were collected between January and March 2022 through three focus groups and 17 in-depth interviews. Thematic analysis was used to analyse qualitative data with ATLAS.ti computer software. Results: Three main themes emerged: (1) Extreme vulnerability: ISs and abuse; (2) Inequality in health treatment has increased during COVID-19; and (3) The impact of COVID-19 on the health of IMs: help from non-governmental organizations and nurses. Conclusion:Irregular migrants are at a higher risk of exposure to COVID-19 due to their precarious living conditions, administrative situation and access to the health system. It is recommended that specific programmes be strengthened to improve health care for this population. Impact:What problem did the study address? This study examines IMs' experiences of health disparities during the COVID-19 pandemic.What were the main findings? IMs are at higher risk of exposure to COVID-19 due to social, health, housing and work inequalities. Community health nurses alongside non-governmental organizations have facilitated the implementation of measures to protect this population against COVID-19.Where and on whom will the research have an impact? With the aim of improving care for IMs, strategies have been suggested for health institutions to address problems relating to accessing the health system, and to promote networking between nongovernmental organizations and community health nurses.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Irregular migrants' experiences of health disparities while living in informal settlements during the COVID‐19 pandemic

Jiménez-Lasserrotte

Granero‐Molina

Galindo

et al. 2023

Journal of Advanced Nursing

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Psychological distress among unemployed migrants settling in southwestern Spain: A cross-sectional study

Gómez-Salgado,

Carrión-Rico,

García-Iglesias

et al. 2024

Medicine

Self Cite

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Migrants living in the informal settlements of Southern Spain tend to have precarious employment and poor living conditions, making then vulnerable to mental health issues. This study aimed to assess psychological distress in a sample of unemployed migrants residing in informal settlements in the province of Huelva (southern Spain), during the fourth wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted during the months of April to June 2021, through a heteroadministered questionnaire, in informal settlements. The measurement instrument was the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), used to analyze psychological distress, and other sociodemographic and health-related variables. Univariate and bivariate descriptive data analysis were performed, using the nonparametric statistics Mann–Whitney U test, Kruskal–Wallis H test, and Tau β correlation. A categorical regression analysis was performed to study the relationship between psychological distress and the rest of the variables. The sample consisted of 317 subjects, 83.9% of whom were males, and the mean age was 33.4 years (SD = 10.7 years). The mean score obtained in the GHQ-12 questionnaire was 13.69 points (SD = 3.86). Significant differences were found between levels of psychological distress and substance abuse (H = 14.085; P = .049), people who wished to stay in Spain (t = 6987; P = .049), people who experienced isolation due to COVID-19 contact (t = 1379.5; P = .001), people who needed medical assistance due to COVID-19 (t = 7.990; P = .018), and those who reported having chronic illnesses (t = 2686.5, P = .02). The mean score of psychological distress indicates general high levels of psychological distress. Participants who had experienced isolation due to COVID-19 contact, who consumed substances, and who had chronic illnesses reported the highest levels of psychological distress.

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The impact of social determinants of health on international migrants’ health outcomes: a bibliometric analysis

Sweileh

2024

IJMHSC

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Purpose The aim of this study is to conduct an in-depth exploration of the research landscape concerning the impact of social determinants of health (SDH) on the health outcomes of international migrants. Design/methodology/approach Leveraging the extensive Scopus database, this study retrieved a total of 2,255 articles spanning the years 1993–2023. The framework for analysis used the SDH categories outlined by the World Health Organization. Findings The research landscape exhibited an apparent increase in the number of publications, but not a net increase in the research productivity. The USA emerged as the leading contributor to research output, with the Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health emerging as the most prolific publication venue, and the University of Toronto ranking as the most prolific institution. The SDH category that received the highest number of publications was the “community and social context”. Migrants from different regions in Asia (East, Central and South Asia) and those from Latin America and the Caribbean region appeared to be the most commonly researched. Highly cited articles predominantly delved into mental health outcomes arising from discrimination and migration policies. Research limitations/implications The findings proffer valuable insights for shaping future research endeavors, accentuating the imperative for diversified studies encompassing underrepresented domains, broader health outcomes and the inclusion of migrant populations from different world regions in investigative pursuits. Originality/value This study delivers a comprehensive analysis of the research landscape, unveiling critical trends in the realm of SDH and migrant health outcomes.

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Social Determinants of Health in the COVID-19 Pandemic Context of the Migrant Population Living in Settlements in Spain

Cited by 7 publications

References 30 publications

Irregular migrants' experiences of health disparities while living in informal settlements during the COVID‐19 pandemic

Irregular migrants' experiences of health disparities while living in informal settlements during the COVID‐19 pandemic

Psychological distress among unemployed migrants settling in southwestern Spain: A cross-sectional study

The impact of social determinants of health on international migrants’ health outcomes: a bibliometric analysis

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