Social determinants of malaria and health care seeking patterns among rice farming and pastoral communities in Kilosa District in central Tanzania

Shayo, Elizabeth H.; Rumisha, Susan F.; Mlozi, M. R. S.; Bwana, Veneranda M.; Mayala, Benjamin K.; Malima, Robert; Mlacha, Tabitha; Mboera, Leonard E. G.

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.01.003

Cited by 37 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Despite the fact the relationship between household size and antimalarial drug use behaviour is not well reported in existing literature, however this socioeconomic measure cannot be ignored as a potential determinant of antimalarial drug use behaviours. In line with the study by Watsierah et al [31] which was included in this review, other studies like Shayo et al [35] have also found an association between the household number and health seeking behaviour.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Socioeconomic Determinants of Antimalarial Drug Use Behaviours: A Systematic Review

Anyanwu¹,

Fulton²

2016

J Comm Pub Health Nursing

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Introduction: Malaria has been a major global health issue for centuries. Presently, the Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACTs) is the most effective antimalarial drug and the recommended first line treatment by the WHO for uncomplicated malaria cases. Despite the current global reduction in malaria mortality and morbidity, the burden of malaria is still very significant, especially considering the economic, social, political and public health effects to endemic countries. A major threat to sustaining the reduction in malaria burden is the development and spread of resistance to antimalarial drugs by the Plasmodium parasites (mostly P. falciparum and P. vivax). Socioeconomic factors have been identified to affect antimalarial drug use behaviours. Nevertheless, the contributions of socioeconomic factors to antimalarial drug use behaviours have only been sparsely reported in studies; with most of the studies not primarily designed to identify or assess the association of these variables. In addition there is no existing systematic review of studies on the socioeconomic determinants of antimalarial drug use. Therefore, there is an important need for a systematic review to integrate the findings from the different primary studies so as to provide an insight into the interaction between these variables.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Socioeconomic Determinants of Antimalarial Drug Use Behaviours: A Systematic Review

Anyanwu¹,

Fulton²

2016

J Comm Pub Health Nursing

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“…Usually, urban households receive more information due to their proximity to health facilities [26]. Furthermore, educated communities are also exposed to multiple sources of information in comparison to their more poorly educated counterparts [24,43].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following the commonest method of calculating combined scores and categorizing them from quantitative knowledge [2,23–26], a composite malaria knowledge score was created for each caregiver where every correct answer received a single point. These included caregivers’ correct knowledge on malarial transmission, disease symptoms, prevention, treatment for children and treatment centres.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caregivers’ Malaria Knowledge, Beliefs and Attitudes, and Related Factors in the Bata District, Equatorial Guinea

et al. 2016

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ObjectivesAdequate community knowledge about malaria is crucial in order to improve prevention by reducing exposure to the disease. Malaria is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among children of less than five years of age in Equatorial Guinea. However, information concerning the accuracy of community knowledge is insufficient. This study aimed at assessing the depth of caregivers’ knowledge of malaria, their beliefs and attitudes about this disease, and their socioeconomic determinants in the Bata district of Equatorial Guinea.MethodologyA cross-sectional study was conducted in the district of Bata, involving 440 houses selected from 18 rural villages and 26 urban neighbourhoods. A combined "Malaria Knowledge Score" was generated based on caregivers’ knowledge about transmission, symptoms, prevention, the treatment of children, and best place to seek treatment. Multivariate logistic regressions analyses were performed to assess those factors that are associated with knowledge about malaria.ResultsA total of 428 caregivers were interviewed; 255 (59.6%) and 173 (40.4%) lived in urban and rural areas respectively. Significant differences between rural and urban households were observed in caregivers’ malaria knowledges and beliefs. Almost 42% of urban and 65% of rural caregivers were unaware as to how malaria is transmitted (OR = 2.69; 95% CI: 1.78–4.05). Together with rurality, the factors most significantly associated with the Malaria Knowledge were the level of education of the caregiver and the socioeconomic status of the household.ConclusionsImprovements in educational programs are needed to empower the most vulnerable households such that they can pro-actively implement malaria control measures. This could be achieved by a comprehensive communication strategy aimed at changing individual and community behaviours, and delivered by suitably trained community health workers and indoor residual spraying personnel.

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“…It is likely that individuals who live closer to the health facilities have better access to health care services than those living far from health facilities. In another study involving the same villages in Kilosa district, the level of knowledge on malaria was significantly associated with education level of the respondents and availability of health care facility in the village [27]. These two factors are therefore likely to contribute to the differences in malaria prevalence observed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malaria, anaemia and nutritional status among schoolchildren in relation to ecosystems, livelihoods and health systems in Kilosa District in central Tanzania

et al. 2015

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BackgroundMalaria prevalence and transmission intensity in Tanzania is heterogeneous with spatial and temporal variations between geographical areas and ecological systems. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of malaria, anaemia and nutritional status in relation to livelihoods, ecosystem and health systems in Kilosa District in central Tanzania.MethodsThis study was conducted in four villages, two characterised by rice irrigation ecosystem and the other two by dry savannah ecosystem and pastoral livelihoods. In each ecosystem, one of the villages had a healthcare facility. Schoolchildren were screened for malaria infection using malaria rapid diagnostic test (mRDT) and microscopy and they were assessed for their anaemia and nutritional statuses.ResultsA total of 1,019 school children (age = 4–16 years) were screened for malaria infection. The overall prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum infection was 10.6 % and 4.5 % by mRDT and microscopy, respectively. Children from pastoral villages had lower (2.9 %) prevalence of malaria than their counterparts (18.2 %) in the rice irrigation villages. A significantly high risk of malaria was observed among children in rice irrigation than in the pastoral ecosystem (OR: 0.13; 95%CI 0.07, 0.23). Children living in areas with health care facilities had a low odd of malaria infection by 45 % (OR: 0.55; 95 % CI = 0.35, 0.86). Overall, the prevalence of anaemia in the district was 43.4 % (n = 775); and 58.3 % of those with severe anaemia were among children from the pastoral villages. Anaemia was significantly higher among children not using mosquito nets (p = 0.049); and among those with malaria infection (p <0.001). The majority (96 %) of the children had Body Mass Index less than 18.5 kg/m2 which indicate high proportion of underweight.ConclusionThere are significant variations in the risk of acquiring malaria infection between different ecosystems and livelihoods. These findings suggest that malaria control programmes must take into account ecosystems and livelihoods of the targeted population through an integrated management of malaria and nutrition approach.

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Social determinants of malaria and health care seeking patterns among rice farming and pastoral communities in Kilosa District in central Tanzania

Cited by 37 publications

References 38 publications

Socioeconomic Determinants of Antimalarial Drug Use Behaviours: A Systematic Review

Socioeconomic Determinants of Antimalarial Drug Use Behaviours: A Systematic Review

Caregivers’ Malaria Knowledge, Beliefs and Attitudes, and Related Factors in the Bata District, Equatorial Guinea

Malaria, anaemia and nutritional status among schoolchildren in relation to ecosystems, livelihoods and health systems in Kilosa District in central Tanzania

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