“…Inadequate dietary intake during pregnancy is a risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as neural tube defects, intrauterine growth restriction, preterm delivery, and low birth weight (Abu-Saad & Fraser, 2010). Women with substance use disorders may be at a high risk for poor dietary intake during pregnancy due to a number of reasons, including inconsistent eating patterns, unstable housing situations, food insecurity, high rates of co-existing psychiatric disorders and tobacco use, unemployment and consequent poor socioeconomic status, inadequate social support, and a history of sexual or physical abuse and partner violence (Alexander, 2013; Best et al, 1998; Himmelgreen et al, 1998). In addition, substance abuse has been linked to addictive eating patterns and binge eating behaviors associated with excessive consumption of sweets and carbohydrates, and decreased intake of nutrient-dense foods (Grilo, White, & Masheb, 2009; Holderness, Brooks-Gunn, & Warren, 1994; Pelchat, 2002; Saeland et al, 2011; Tomedi, Bogen, Hanusa, Wisner, & Bodnar, 2012; Zador, Wall, & Webster, 1996).…”