Social disadvantage, air pollution, and asthma physician visits in Toronto, Canada

Burra, Tara A.; Moineddin, Rahim; Agha, Mohammad; Glazier, Richard H.

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2009.03.004

Cited by 63 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…According to several recent studies, high-income neighborhoods tend to exhibit low asthma prevalence, while ambulatory visits to the physician for asthma were found to be associated with air pollution and disproportionately increased among lowincome socio-economic groups (Burra et al 2009;Gupta et al 2009;Subramanian et al 2009). The results of the present analysis provide additional evidence for the presence of such general linkages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

High prevalence of childhood asthma in Northern Israel is linked to air pollution by particulate matter: evidence from GIS analysis and Bayesian Model Averaging

Portnov

Reiser

Karkabi

et al. 2012

International Journal of Environmental Health Research

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The medical records of 3922 school children residing in the Greater Haifa Metropolitan Area in Northern Israel were analyzed. Individual exposure to ambient air pollution (SO(2) and PM(10)) for each child was estimated using Geographic Information Systems tools. Factors affecting childhood asthma risk were then investigated using logistic regression and the more recently developed Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) tools. The analysis reveals that childhood asthma in the study area appears to be significantly associated with particulate matter of less than 10 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM(10)) (Odds Ratio (OR) = .11; P<0.001). However, no significant association with asthma prevalence was found for SO(2) (P >0.2), when PM(10) and SO(2) were introduced into the models simultaneously. When considering a change in PM(10) between the least and the most polluted parts of the study area (9.4 μg/m(3)), the corresponding OR, calculated using the BMA analysis, is 2.58 (with 95% posterior probability limits of OR ranging from 1.52 to 4.41), controlled for gender, age, proximity to main roads, the town of a child's residence, and family's socio-economic status. Thus, it is concluded that exposure to airborne particular matter, even at relatively low concentrations (40-50 μg/m(3)), generally below international air pollution standards (55-70 μg/m(3)), appears to be a considerable risk factor for childhood asthma in urban areas. This should be a cause of concern for public health authorities and environmental decision-makers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

High prevalence of childhood asthma in Northern Israel is linked to air pollution by particulate matter: evidence from GIS analysis and Bayesian Model Averaging

Portnov

Reiser

Karkabi

et al. 2012

International Journal of Environmental Health Research

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“…As the Anderson metaanalysis found a greater effect in children, it would have been interesting to see the analysis split by age group. A study in Toronto did find a significant relationship in children across both sexes and in the top and bottom quintiles of socioeconomic position (Burra et al, 2009). A positive and statistically significant association was also found for SO 2 and emergency room visits for wheeze in children aged 0-2 years in a multicity study in Italy (Orazzo et al, 2009).…”

Section: Short-term Exposure and Respiratory Hospital Admissionsmentioning

confidence: 94%

A rapid assessment of the impact of hazard reduction burning around Sydney, May 2016

Broome¹,

Johnston

Horsley

et al. 2016

Medical Journal of Australia

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This document presents answers to 24 questions relevant to reviewing European policies on air pollution and to addressing health aspects of these policies. The answers were developed by a large group of scientists engaged in the WHO project "Review of evidence on health aspects of air pollution -REVIHAAP". The experts reviewed and discussed the newly accumulated scientific evidence on the adverse effects on health of air pollution, formulating science-based answers to the 24 questions. Extensive rationales for the answers, including the list of key references, are provided. The review concludes that a considerable amount of new scientific information on the adverse effects on health of particulate matter, ozone and nitrogen dioxide, observed at levels commonly present in Europe, has been published in recent years. This new evidence supports the scientific conclusions of the WHO air quality guidelines, last updated in 2005, and indicates that the effects in some cases occur at air pollution concentrations lower than those serving to establish these guidelines. It also provides scientific arguments for taking decisive actions to improve air quality and reduce the burden of disease associated with air pollution in Europe.This publication arises from the project REVIHAAP and has been co-funded by the European Union. Keywords AIR POLLUTANTS AIR POLLUTION -ADVERSE EFFECTS ENVIRONMENT AND PUBLIC HEALTH EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE GUIDELINES HEALTH POLICYAddress requests about publications of the WHO Regional Office for Europe to: Publications WHO Regional Office for Europe Scherfigsvej 8 DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark Alternatively, complete an online request form for documentation, health information, or for permission to quote or translate, on the Regional Office web site (http://www.euro.who.int/pubrequest). © World Health Organization 2013All rights reserved. The Regional Office for Europe of the World Health Organization welcomes requests for permission to reproduce or translate its publications, in part or in full.The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate borderlines for which there may not yet be full agreement.The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters.All reasonable precautions have been taken by the World Health Organization to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either express or implied. ...

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“…While of similar study design, these studies assessed associations at different scales (region, county, ZIP code, census block and census block group), considered different indicators of SES and used different cut-points to stratify populations by neighbourhood SES (eg, median,25–31 tertile,24 quartile20 or quintile16–18 30 values of neighbourhood SES indicators). Among these studies, education, household income and poverty were most commonly used as indicators of neighbourhood SES; however, reported conclusions about effect modification by SES were contradictory between studies using similar indicators16 30 31 33 as well as between different SES indicators within the same study 28–31…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of neighbourhood-level socioeconomic status as a modifier of air pollution–asthma associations among children in Atlanta

O’Lenick

Winquist

Mulholland

et al. 2016

J Epidemiol Community Health

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Our results suggest that neighbourhood-level SES is a factor contributing vulnerability to air pollution-related paediatric asthma morbidity in Atlanta. Children living in low SES environments appear to be especially vulnerable given positive ORs and high underlying asthma ED rates. Inconsistent findings of effect modification among previous studies may be partially explained by choice of SES stratification criteria, and the use of multiplicative models combined with differing baseline risk across SES populations.

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Social disadvantage, air pollution, and asthma physician visits in Toronto, Canada

Cited by 63 publications

References 41 publications

High prevalence of childhood asthma in Northern Israel is linked to air pollution by particulate matter: evidence from GIS analysis and Bayesian Model Averaging

High prevalence of childhood asthma in Northern Israel is linked to air pollution by particulate matter: evidence from GIS analysis and Bayesian Model Averaging

A rapid assessment of the impact of hazard reduction burning around Sydney, May 2016

Assessment of neighbourhood-level socioeconomic status as a modifier of air pollution–asthma associations among children in Atlanta

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